Publications

@article{pmid31415825,

title = {Acute blood pressure change with methylphenidate is associated with improvement in attention performance in children with ADHD},

author = {Alexandru Traicu and Natalie Grizenko and Marie-Ève Fortier and Weam Fageera and Sarojini M Sengupta and Ridha Joober},

doi = {10.1016/j.pnpbp.2019.109732},

issn = {1878-4216},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry},

volume = {96},

pages = {109732},

abstract = {This exploratory study aims to determine whether the change in systolic blood pressure (sBP) after acute methylphenidate (MPH) administration (ΔBP) is associated with the neurocognitive response to MPH in the Conners Continuous Performance Test (CPT) in 513 children with ADHD (aged 6 to 12 years old). We noted that higher increases in sBP were associated with larger improvement in CPT performance with MPH. In the univariate regression model, the ΔBP accounted for an additional 2% of the variance in the change in CPT-Overall Index (OI) after controlling for covariates (p < .001). Linear regression analysis also indicated that ΔBP significantly contributed to predict a change in omission errors, reaction time, and reaction time variability (p < .001, p < .01, p = .001, respectively), but not in commission errors or detectability index (d`). Participants with a clinically meaningful sBP increase of at least 5 mmHg (n = 191) improved by 4.8 points on the CPT-OI score (p < .001), compared to an improvement of only 0.6 points for participants whose sBP declined by at least 5 mmHg (n = 121). In conclusion, larger sBP increases after MPH administration were associated with greater enhancement in CPT performance. These results could be useful in informing MPH dosing in clinical practice.},

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pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{pmid31327126,

title = {Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Nucleus Accumbens Mediates Individual Differences in Behavioral Responses to a Natural, Social Reward},

author = {Tie-Yuan Zhang and Dara Shahrokh and Ian C Hellstrom and Xianglan Wen and Josie Diorio and Lionel Breuillaud and Christian Caldji and Michael J Meaney},

doi = {10.1007/s12035-019-01699-2},

issn = {1559-1182},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Mol Neurobiol},

volume = {57},

number = {1},

pages = {290--301},

abstract = {BDNF-oxytocin interactions in the brain are implicated in mammalian maternal behavior. We found that BDNF gene expression is increased in the hippocampus of rat mothers that show increased pup licking/grooming (high LG mothers) compared to low LG mothers. High LG mothers also showed increased BDNF protein levels in the nucleus accumbens (nAcc). Immunoneutralization of BDNF in the nAcc eliminated the differences in pup LG between high and low LG mothers. Oxytocin antagonist in the ventral hippocampus significantly decreased the frequency of maternal LG behavior. Oxytocin antagonist significantly prevented the oxytocin-induced BDNF gene expression in primary hippocampal cell cultures. We suggest that oxytocin-induced regulation of BDNF in the nAcc provides a neuroendocrine basis for both individual differences in maternal behavior and resilience to the stress of reproduction in female mammals.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31092006,

title = {Using Parental Report to Identify Children at Risk for Poor Sleep and Daytime Problems},

author = {Reut Gruber and Gail Somerville and Jose Arturo Santisteban},

doi = {10.1080/15402002.2019.1613236},

issn = {1540-2010},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Behav Sleep Med},

volume = {18},

number = {4},

pages = {460--476},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine objective sleep patterns and the daytime behavioral, emotional and academic functioning of school-age children above and below the clinical cutoff score for the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), which is a parental-report-based measure of sleep disturbances.nnPARTICIPANTS: 48 boys and 74 girls aged 7-11 years.nnMETHODS: Participants' sleep was assessed in their home environment using a miniature actigraph (AW-64 series; Mini-Mitter, Sunriver, OR, USA) for five consecutive weeknights. The parents provided their child's report card and completed a battery of questionnaires that included the CSHQ, the Child Behavior Checklist, a demographic questionnaire and a health questionnaire.nnRESULTS: Children that were above the cutoff score of the CSHQ had later objectively measured sleep schedule, were less likely to obtain the recommended amount of sleep for their age, had higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and a higher prevalence of clinical levels of externalizing and internalizing problems, had lower grades in English and French as a Second Language, and were more likely to fail these subjects. Discriminant analysis revealed that information from the objective sleep and emotional/behavioral and academic measures could significantly discriminate between those with or without parent-reported sleep disturbance.nnCONCLUSION: Parental reports of sleep disturbances can be used to identify children at increased risk for sleep, emotional, behavioral and academic problems. Such questionnaires should be incorporated into clinical practice and school-based evaluations with the goal of identifying undiagnosed children who might be at risk for poor adjustment related to night- and daytime difficulties.},

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pubstate = {published},

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}

@article{pmid30357975,

title = {Metabolic and cardiovascular consequences of shift work: The role of circadian disruption and sleep disturbances},

author = {Laura Kervezee and Anastasi Kosmadopoulos and Diane B Boivin},

doi = {10.1111/ejn.14216},

issn = {1460-9568},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Eur J Neurosci},

volume = {51},

number = {1},

pages = {396--412},

abstract = {Shift work, defined as work occurring outside typical daytime working hours, is associated with an increased risk of various non-communicable diseases, including diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Disruption of the internal circadian timing system and concomitant sleep disturbances is thought to play a critical role in the development of these health problems. Indeed, controlled laboratory studies have shown that short-term circadian misalignment and sleep restriction independently impair physiological processes, including insulin sensitivity, energy expenditure, immune function, blood pressure and cardiac modulation by the autonomous nervous system. If allowed to persist, these acute effects may lead to the development of cardiometabolic diseases in the long term. Here, we discuss the evidence for the contributions of circadian disruption and associated sleep disturbances to the risk of metabolic and cardiovascular health problems in shift workers. Improving the understanding of the physiological mechanisms affected by circadian misalignment and sleep disturbance will contribute to the development and implementation of strategies that prevent or mitigate the cardiometabolic impact of shift work.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33615092,

title = {In silico exploration of mouse brain dynamics by focal stimulation reflects the organization of functional networks and sensory processing},

author = {Andreas Spiegler and Javad Karimi Abadchi and Majid Mohajerani and Viktor K Jirsa},

doi = {10.1162/netn_a_00152},

issn = {2472-1751},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Netw Neurosci},

volume = {4},

number = {3},

pages = {807--851},

abstract = {Resting-state functional networks such as the default mode network (DMN) dominate spontaneous brain dynamics. To date, the mechanisms linking brain structure and brain dynamics and functions in cognition, perception, and action remain unknown, mainly due to the uncontrolled and erratic nature of the resting state. Here we used a stimulation paradigm to probe the brain's resting behavior, providing insights on state-space stability and multiplicity of network trajectories after stimulation. We performed explorations on a mouse model to map spatiotemporal brain dynamics as a function of the stimulation site. We demonstrated the emergence of known functional networks in brain responses. Several responses heavily relied on the DMN and were suggestive of the DMN playing a mechanistic role between functional networks. We probed the simulated brain responses to the stimulation of regions along the information processing chains of sensory systems from periphery up to primary sensory cortices. Moreover, we compared simulated dynamics against in vivo brain responses to optogenetic stimulation. Our results underwrite the importance of anatomical connectivity in the functional organization of brain networks and demonstrate how functionally differentiated information processing chains arise from the same system.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid31070710,

title = {Life-Course Contribution of Prenatal Stress in Regulating the Neural Modulation Network Underlying the Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle Reflex in Male Alzheimer's Disease Mice},

author = {Zahra Jafari and Bryan E Kolb and Majid H Mohajerani},

doi = {10.1093/cercor/bhz089},

issn = {1460-2199},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Cereb Cortex},

volume = {30},

number = {1},

pages = {311--325},

abstract = {The prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR), as an index of sensorimotor gating, is one of the most extensively used paradigms in the field of neuropsychiatric disorders. Few studies have examined how prenatal stress (PS) regulates the sensorimotor gating during the lifespan and how PS modifies the development of amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathology in brain areas underlying the PPI formation. We followed alternations in corticosterone levels, learning and memory, and the PPI of the ASR measures in APPNL-G-F/NL-G-F offspring of dams exposed to gestational noise stress. In-depth quantifications of the Aβ plaque accumulation were also performed at 6 months. The results indicated an age-dependent deterioration of sensorimotor gating, long-lasting PS-induced abnormalities in PPI magnitudes, as well as deficits in spatial memory. The PS also resulted in a higher Aβ aggregation predominantly in brain areas associated with the PPI modulation network. The findings suggest the contribution of a PS-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity in regulating the PPI modulation substrates leading to the abnormal development of the neural protection system in response to disruptive stimuli. The long-lasting HPA axis dysregulation appears to be the major underlying mechanism in precipitating the Aβ deposition, especially in brain areas contributed to the PPI modulation network.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33536875,

title = {From Maternal Diet to Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Story of Neuroinflammation},

author = {Maude Bordeleau and Lourdes Fernández de Cossío and M Mallar Chakravarty and Marie-Ève Tremblay},

doi = {10.3389/fncel.2020.612705},

issn = {1662-5102},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Cell Neurosci},

volume = {14},

pages = {612705},

abstract = {Providing the appropriate quantity and quality of food needed for both the mother's well-being and the healthy development of the offspring is crucial during pregnancy. However, the macro- and micronutrient intake also impacts the body's regulatory supersystems of the mother, such as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, which ultimately influence the overall development of the offspring. Of particular importance is the association between unhealthy maternal diet and neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Epidemiological studies have linked neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, to maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation. While the deleterious consequences of diet-induced MIA on offspring neurodevelopment are increasingly revealed, neuroinflammation is emerging as a key underlying mechanism. In this review, we compile the evidence available on how the mother and offspring are both impacted by maternal dietary imbalance. We specifically explore the various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of dietary components and discuss how changes in inflammatory status can prime the offspring brain development toward neurodevelopmental disorders. Lastly, we discuss research evidence on the mechanisms that sustain the relationship between maternal dietary imbalance and offspring brain development, involving altered neuroinflammatory status in the offspring, as well as genetic to cellular programming notably of microglia, and the evidence that the gut microbiome may act as a key mediator.},

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pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33521234,

title = {A quadratic function of activation in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease},

author = {Nick Corriveau-Lecavalier and Simon Duchesne and Serge Gauthier and Carol Hudon and Marie-Jeanne Kergoat and Samira Mellah and Sylvie Belleville and },

doi = {10.1002/dad2.12139},

issn = {2352-8729},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Alzheimers Dement (Amst)},

volume = {12},

number = {1},

pages = {e12139},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Brain activation is hypothesized to form an inverse U-shape in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD), with hyperactivation in the early phase, followed by hypoactivation.nnMETHODS: Using task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we tested the inverse U-shape hypothesis with polynomial regressions and between-group comparisons in individuals with subjective cognitive decline plus (SCD; smaller hippocampal volumes compared to a group of healthy controls without SCD and/or apolipoprotein E [] ε4 allele) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).nnRESULTS: A quadratic function modeled the relationship between proxies of disease severity (neurodegeneration, memory performance) and left superior parietal activation. Linear negative functions modeled the relationship between neurodegeneration and left hippocampal/right inferior temporal activation. Group comparison indicated presence of hyperactivation in SCD and hypoactivation in MCI in the left superior parietal lobule, relative to healthy controls.nnDISCUSSION: These findings support the presence of an inverse U-shape model of activation and suggest that hyperactivation might represent a biomarker of the early AD stages.},

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}

@article{pmid33510680,

title = {Early Life Stress Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress},

author = {Ian H Gotlib and Lauren R Borchers and Rajpreet Chahal and Anthony J Gifuni and Giana I Teresi and Tiffany C Ho},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603748},

issn = {1664-1078},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Psychol},

volume = {11},

pages = {603748},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is alarmingly prevalent and has been linked to the high rates of depression documented in adolescence. Researchers have theorized that ELS may increase adolescents' vulnerability or reactivity to the effects of subsequent stressors, placing them at higher risk for developing symptoms of depression.nnMETHODS: We tested this formulation in a longitudinal study by assessing levels of stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of adolescents from the San Francisco Bay Area ( = 109; 43 male; ages 13-20 years) who had been characterized 3-7 years earlier ( = 5.06,  = 0.86 years) with respect to exposure to ELS and symptoms of depression.nnRESULTS: As expected, severity of ELS predicted levels of depressive symptoms during the pandemic [(107) = 0.26,  = 0.006], which were higher in females than in males [(107) = -3.56,  < 0.001]. Importantly, the association between ELS and depression was mediated by adolescents' reported levels of stress, even after controlling for demographic variables.nnCONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents during this pandemic and targeting perceived stress in high-risk youth.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33490361,

title = {Frontotemporal dementia and COVID-19: Hypothesis generation and roadmap for future research},

author = {Kok Pin Ng and Hui Jin Chiew and Shahul Hameed and Simon Kang Seng Ting and Adeline Ng and See Ann Soo and Benjamin Y X Wong and Levinia Lim and Alisa C W Yong and Vincent C T Mok and Pedro Rosa-Neto and Jacqueline Dominguez and SangYun Kim and G Y Robin Hsiung and Manabu Ikeda and Bruce L Miller and Serge Gauthier and Nagaendran Kandiah},

doi = {10.1002/trc2.12085},

issn = {2352-8737},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Alzheimers Dement (N Y)},

volume = {6},

number = {1},

pages = {e12085},

abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous suffering for patients with dementia and their caregivers. We conducted a survey to study the impact of the pandemic on patients with mild frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Our preliminary findings demonstrate that patients with FTD have significant worsening in behavior and social cognition, as well as suffer greater negative consequences from disruption to health-care services compared to patients with AD. The reduced ability to cope with sudden changes to social environments places patients with FTD at increased vulnerability to COVID-19 infection as well as to poorer clinical and social outcomes. Caregivers of FTD patients also demonstrate high burden during crisis situations. A proportion of patients with FTD benefitted from use of web-based interactive platforms. In this article, we outline the priority areas for research as well as a roadmap for future collaborative research to ensure greatest benefit for patients with FTD and their caregivers.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33424654,

title = {Balance Problems, Paralysis, and Angina as Clinical Markers for Severity in Major Depression},

author = {Bill Qi and Kellie MacDonald and Marcelo T Berlim and Allan Fielding and Eric Lis and Nancy Low and Stéphane Richard-Devantoy and Valerie Tourjman and Gustavo Turecki and Yannis Trakadis},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.567394},

issn = {1664-0640},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Psychiatry},

volume = {11},

pages = {567394},

abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder. Our hypothesis is that neurological symptoms correlate with the severity of MDD symptoms. One hundred eighty-four outpatients with MDD completed a self-report questionnaire on past and present medical history. Patients were divided into three roughly equal depression severity levels based on scores from the APA Severity Measure for Depression-Adult ( = 66, 58, 60, for low, medium, high severity, respectively). We saw a significant and gradual increase in the frequency of "muscular paralysis" (1.5-5.2-16.7%) and "balance problems" (21.2-36.2-46.6%) from low to medium to high severity groups. We repeated the analysis using only the two most extreme severity categories: low severity (66 samples) vs. high severity (60 samples). High severity patients were also found to experience more "angina" symptoms than low severity patients (27.3 vs. 50%). The three significant clinical variables identified were introduced into a binary logistic regression model as the independent variables with high or low severity as the dependent variable. Both "muscular paralysis" and "balance problems" were significantly associated with increased severity of depression (odds ratio of 13.5 and 2.9, respectively), while "angina" was associated with an increase in severity with an odds ratio of 2.0, albeit not significantly. We show that neurological exam or clinical history could be useful biomarkers for depression severity. Our findings, if replicated, could lead to a simple clinical scale administered regularly for monitoring patients with MDD.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33354652,

title = {Personality traits in psychosis and psychosis risk linked to TSPO expression: a neuroimmune marker},

author = {Cory Gerritsen and Yajur Iyengar and Tania DaSilva and Alex Koppel and Pablo Rusjan and R Michael Bagby and Romina Mizrahi},

doi = {10.1017/pen.2020.14},

issn = {2513-9886},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Personal Neurosci},

volume = {3},

pages = {e14},

abstract = {Personality has been correlated with differences in cytokine expression, an indicator of peripheral inflammation; however, the associations between personality and central markers of inflammation have never been investigated  in humans. Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and the first responders to tissue damage and brain insult. Microglial activation is associated with elevated expression of translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO), which can be imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) to quantify immune activation in the human brain. This study aimed to investigate the association between personality and TSPO expression across the psychosis spectrum. A total of 61 high-resolution [F]FEPPA PET scans were conducted in 28 individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, 19 First-Episode Psychosis (FEP), and 14 healthy volunteers (HVs), and analyzed using a two-tissue compartment model and plasma input function to obtain a total volume of distribution (V) as an index of brain TSPO expression (controlling for the rs6971 TSPO polymorphism). Personality was assessed using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). We found TSPO expression to be specifically associated with neuroticism. A positive association between TSPO expression and neuroticism was found in HVs, in contrast to a nonsignificant, negative association in CHR and significant negative association in FEP. The TSPO-associated neuroticism trait indicates an unexplored connection between neuroimmune activation and personality that varies across the psychosis spectrum.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33343425,

title = {Connecting During COVID-19: A Protocol of a Volunteer-Based Telehealth Program for Supporting Older Adults' Health},

author = {Elena Dikaios and Harmehr Sekhon and Alexandre Allard and Blanca Vacaflor and Allana Goodman and Emmett Dwyer and Paola Lavin-Gonzalez and Artin Mahdanian and Haley Park and Chesley Walsh and Neeti Sasi and Rim Nazar and Johanna Gruber and Chien-Lin Su and Cezara Hanganu and Isabelle Royal and Alessandra Schiavetto and Karin Cinalioglu and Christina Rigas and Cyrille Launay and Olivier Beauchet and Emily McDonald and Dallas Seitz and Sanjeev Kumar and Vasavan Nair and Marc Miresco and Marie-Andrée Bruneau and George Alexopoulos and Karl Looper and Ipsit Vahia and Soham Rej and Syeda Nayab Bukhari},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598356},

issn = {1664-0640},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Psychiatry},

volume = {11},

pages = {598356},

abstract = { Social-distancing due to COVID-19 has led to social isolation, stress, and mental health issues in older adults, while overwhelming healthcare systems worldwide. Telehealth involving phone calls by trained volunteers is understudied and may be a low-cost, scalable, and valuable preventive tool for mental health. In this context, from patient participatory volunteer initiatives, we have adapted and developed an innovative volunteer-based telehealth intervention program for older adults (TIP-OA).  To evaluate TIP-OA, we are conducting a mixed-methods longitudinal observational study.  TIP-OA clients are older adults (age ≥ 60) recruited in Montreal, Quebec.  TIP-OA volunteers make weekly friendly phone calls to seniors to check in, form connections, provide information about COVID-19, and connect clients to community resources as needed.  Perceived stress, fear surrounding COVID-19, depression, and anxiety will be assessed at baseline, and at 4- and 8-weeks. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups will be conducted to assess the experiences of clients, volunteers, and stakeholders.  As of October 15th, 2020, 150 volunteers have been trained to provide TIP-OA to 305 older clients. We will consecutively select 200 clients receiving TIP-OA for quantitative data collection, plus 16 volunteers and 8 clinicians for focus groups, and 15 volunteers, 10 stakeholders, and 25 clients for semi-structured interviews.  During COVID-19, healthcare professionals' decreased availability and increased needs related to geriatric mental health are expected. If successful and scalable, volunteer-based TIP-OA may help prevent and improve mental health concerns, improve community participation, and decrease healthcare utilization. : ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04523610; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04523610?term=NCT04523610&draw=2&rank=1.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33321511,

title = {Lessons Learnt from the Second Generation of Anti-Amyloid Monoclonal Antibodies Clinical Trials},

author = {Angela Tian Hui Kwan and Saman Arfaie and Joseph Therriault and Pedro Rosa-Neto and Serge Gauthier},

doi = {10.1159/000511506},

issn = {1421-9824},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord},

volume = {49},

number = {4},

pages = {334--348},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathophysiology that affects over 50 million people worldwide. Most drug therapies, to date, have focused on targeting the amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathway, but clinical outcomes of anti-Aβ antibodies have been unsuccessful and unable to meet their primary endpoints. Similar trends have also been observed in treatments that target the tau pathway.nnSUMMARY: This paper reviews recent anti-Aβ passive monotherapies, since Bapineuzumab, that have progressed to phase 3 clinical trials. Specifically, we discuss the 4 clinical trial programs of Solanezumab (targets Aβ monomers), Aducanumab (targets Aβ oligomers and plaques), Crenezumab (targets Aβ oligomers), and Gantenerumab (targets Aβ fibrils) which are all exogenous monoclonal antibodies. We conclude with potential reasons for why they have not met their primary endpoints and discuss lessons learnt from these trials. Key Message: Future disease-modifying trials (DMTs) for AD should be conducted in asymptomatic, Aβ-positive individuals. Moreover, potential additive and/or synergistic benefits focusing on anti-Aβ and anti-tau drug combinations merit further investigation.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33312130,

title = {Characteristics of Adolescents Affected by Mass Psychogenic Illness Outbreaks in Schools in Nepal: A Case-Control Study},

author = {Ram P Sapkota and Alain Brunet and Laurence J Kirmayer},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.493094},

issn = {1664-0640},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Psychiatry},

volume = {11},

pages = {493094},

abstract = {This paper presents the first systematic case-control study of correlates of mass psychogenic illness (MPI) in an adolescent school population. MPI is generally construed as a dissociative phenomenon spread by social contagion to individuals who are prone to dissociation. We sought to test if the correlates of dissociative experiences most commonly proposed in the literature could predict caseness among students affected by episodes of mass psychogenic illness occurring in schools in Nepal. We assessed 194 cases and 190 controls ( = 384) of ages 11-18 years from 12 public schools. Cases and controls were comparable on all demographic variables, except for family configuration, with nuclear families more common among those affected. In bivariate comparisons, caseness was associated with childhood physical neglect and abuse, as well as living in nuclear families, peritraumatic dissociation, dissociative tendencies, and depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Hypnotizability emerged as the strongest correlate of psychogenic illness among the cognitive and personality trait variables. However, in multivariable logistic regression, the correlates of dissociation did not predict caseness, suggesting that they do not adequately account for the phenomenon of mass psychogenic illness. An  Classification and Regression Trees analysis showed that if an adolescent was highly hypnotizable and reported high rates of peritraumatic dissociative experiences, then there was a 73% probability of being a case in a mass psychogenic illness episode. Future studies involving other psychological, social and cultural factors, as well as school- and family-related factors are needed to understand the correlates of mass psychogenic illness and guide prevention and intervention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33275570,

title = {Current Landscape of Teaching Diversity in Occupational Therapy Education: A Scoping Review},

author = {Marie-Lyne Grenier and Hiba Zafran and Laurence Roy},

doi = {10.5014/ajot.2020.044214},

issn = {0272-9490},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Am J Occup Ther},

volume = {74},

number = {6},

pages = {7406205100p1--7406205100p15},

abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Critical research in health professions education makes clear the role of educational institutions in perpetuating problematic discourses related to diversity, as well as their potential role in dismantling and rebuilding those discourses to reflect the realities of power relations that create systemic injustice.nnOBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive overview of current pedagogical practices and educational paradigms used by occupational therapy educators to teach concepts of, and skills for, equity and diversity.nnDATA SOURCES: Seven education and health care databases were searched for articles published between 2007 and 2018.nnSTUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION: Consensually developed criteria were refined until an agreement rate of >80% was achieved among the authors. Inclusion criteria focused on entry-level occupational therapy education across the world and explicitly examined approaches to teaching diversity. All articles meeting the criteria were kept for full-text review (N = 87).nnFINDINGS: Diversity in professional occupational therapy education programs is taught within five main underlying educational paradigms and theories: competency-based (44%), social justice (29%), critical (11%), social accountability (10%), and constructivism (6%). Within these paradigms, 14 key pedagogical practices were applied, with community service learning (37%), international service learning (25%), and didactic or course-based practices (23%) making up the majority of pedagogical practices.nnCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although current occupational therapy research demonstrates a trend toward critical paradigms and practices, problematic cultural competency theories and uncritical international service learning practices continue to dominate occupational therapy education for diversity. Educators should implement pedagogies and approaches within critical educational paradigms.nnWHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS: This article highlights the importance to occupational therapy education of attending to coherence across educational ethics, paradigms, and learning outcomes in teaching for diversity and health equity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33270668,

title = {Complex genetic dependencies among growth and neurological phenotypes in healthy children: Towards deciphering developmental mechanisms},

author = {Lisa Uechi and Mahjoubeh Jalali and Jayson D Wilbur and Jonathan L French and N L Jumbe and Michael J Meaney and Peter D Gluckman and Neerja Karnani and Nikita A Sakhanenko and David J Galas and },

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0242684},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {15},

number = {12},

pages = {e0242684},

abstract = {The genetic mechanisms of childhood development in its many facets remain largely undeciphered. In the population of healthy infants studied in the Growing Up in Singapore Towards Healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) program, we have identified a range of dependencies among the observed phenotypes of fetal and early childhood growth, neurological development, and a number of genetic variants. We have quantified these dependencies using our information theory-based methods. The genetic variants show dependencies with single phenotypes as well as pleiotropic effects on more than one phenotype and thereby point to a large number of brain-specific and brain-expressed gene candidates. These dependencies provide a basis for connecting a range of variants with a spectrum of phenotypes (pleiotropy) as well as with each other. A broad survey of known regulatory expression characteristics, and other function-related information from the literature for these sets of candidate genes allowed us to assemble an integrated body of evidence, including a partial regulatory network, that points towards the biological basis of these general dependencies. Notable among the implicated loci are RAB11FIP4 (next to NF1), MTMR7 and PLD5, all highly expressed in the brain; DNMT1 (DNA methyl transferase), highly expressed in the placenta; and PPP1R12B and DMD (dystrophin), known to be important growth and development genes. While we cannot specify and decipher the mechanisms responsible for the phenotypes in this study, a number of connections for further investigation of fetal and early childhood growth and neurological development are indicated. These results and this approach open the door to new explorations of early human development.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33270401,

title = {[Follow-up of Post-Transitional Housing for Homeless Women: Needs, Implementation and Outcomes of a Pilot Study]},

author = {Morgane Gabet and Guy Grenier and Daniela Perrottet and Marie-Josée Fleury},

issn = {1708-3923},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Sante Ment Que},

volume = {45},

number = {1},

pages = {79--103},

abstract = {Objectives Consolidation of supported housing policies is a primary source of solutions aimed at addressing the problem of homelessness. Transitional housing (TH) offers a sequential housing trajectory from emergency shelters, to TH, to permanent housing with or without supports. Post-TH follow-up may improve residential stability and community integration. Yet little information is available on successful conditions and effectiveness related to post-TH follow-up for improving residential stability and community integration among homeless people, and especially homeless women. This pilot case study aimed to identify the needs of women who were previous TH residents before acquiring permanent housing with supports, the implementation process for post-TH follow-up activities and intensity of services offered and conditions for success of the follow-up, as well as the outcomes of post-TH follow-up in meeting the needs of these homeless women. Methods Two non-profit organizations for housing reintegration in the Montreal area were selected for study. Mixed methods based on a case study approach were used, triangulating the data collected from homeless women, case managers, and housing managers. Two interviews were conducted at 6-month intervals with homeless women (n=10), whose needs and outcomes related to post-TH follow-up were identified through a questionnaire with open and closed questions. To document implementation of the post-TH follow-up, case managers (n=2) recorded information on follow-up activities and intensity of services offered for the 6-month period using contact sheets. Factors facilitating and hindering post-TH follow-up were also identified in a group interview with case managers (n=2) and resource managers (n=4). Results Users identified health maintenance, support for daily activities and improved socialization as their primary needs. Most women were satisfied with activities offered and the frequency of follow-up, ease of access to case managers, and the overall capacity of follow-up to meet their needs. The intensity of follow-up, user/case manager therapeutic alliance, and user motivation to recover were identified as facilitating factors that influenced effectiveness of post-TH follow-up. Factors that hindered effectiveness included: the limited duration of TH before post-TH follow-up particularly among users with major trauma; refractory behavior; reluctance to take medications and consumption of psychoactive substances; problems in accessing health services, particularly specialized mental health services; and for case managers: time constraints, logistical difficulties related to follow-up, and lack of affordable permanent housing adequate to user needs. After six months, 80% of users remained in their housing and no changes were identified in community integration. Conclusion Post-TH follow-up seems particularly adapted to promote residential stability among chronically homeless women with mental health or dependence issues, as the essential first step toward community integration. The study underlined the importance of offering multiple service modalities adapted to user needs and post-TH follow-up geared toward recovery. Better funding of post-TH follow-up, tighter collaboration with other public services, case manager training, and increase in affordable and adequate permanent housing would promote more effective deployment of post-TH follow-up.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33173513,

title = {Group Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP): A Pilot Study for Bipolar Depression},

author = {Liliane Sayegh and El Hadj Touré and Elisabeth Farquhar and Serge Beaulieu and Suzane Renaud and Soham Rej and Michel Perreault},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565681},

issn = {1664-0640},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Psychiatry},

volume = {11},

pages = {565681},

abstract = {OBJECTIVES: Cognitive Behavioral Analysis System of Psychotherapy (CBASP) is an individually administered treatment model designed specifically for Persistent Depression however bipolar patients have traditionally been excluded from CBASP studies. There is a perception that bipolar depression will be harder to treat and requires a unique psychological approach. This pilot study reports on the feasibility of administering the same 20-week manualized group CBASP therapy with bipolar patients currently in a depressive episode.nnMETHODS: This non-randomized, single-arm prospective pilot study, reports on an  exploration of benefits to bipolar depressed patients (n=26) of the same 20-week group CBASP intervention administered to unipolar depressed patients (n=81). The clinical trial for the initial phase examining benefits of the manualized 20-week group CBASP intervention with unipolar patients was registered with the ISRCTN registry, study ID: ISRCTN95149444. Results reported here include mixed ANOVA analyses, across group treatment models and diagnostic categories. Changes over time in self-reported depressive symptoms (Inventory of Depressive Symptoms -IDS-SR), self-reported social functioning, interpersonal problems and interpersonal dispositions are documented for all patients. An exploratory longitudinal latent class analysis was used to examine patients' trajectories of improvement in depressive symptoms. Finally, the best predictors of change in reported depressive symptoms were explored with a logistic regression for all patients.nnRESULTS: Improvements in depressive symptoms and in social functioning over time were significant for all patients with bipolar patients trending towards a greater improvement in depressive symptoms after controlling for baseline differences. An exploratory Latent Class Analysis identified two different treatment trajectories for the entire sample: 1) moderate to severely depressed patients who improved significantly (49%) and 2) severely depressed patients who did not improve (51%). The best predictors of non-response to group therapy include high baseline problems in social functioning and low rates of self-reported Perceived Improvements in overall health.nnCONCLUSION: Bipolar patients in a depressive episode appear to benefit from the same 20-week group CBASP model designed originally for the treatment of Persistent Depressive Disorder. Bipolar patients seem more easily mobilized both during and outside of group therapy sessions and report more interpersonal confidence and more agency than unipolar depressed patients.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32984819,

title = {Do Unremitted Psychotic Symptoms Have an Effect on the Brain? A 2-Year Follow-up Imaging Study in First-Episode Psychosis},

author = {Martin Lepage and Carolina Makowski and Michael Bodnar and M Mallar Chakravarty and Ridha Joober and Ashok K Malla},

doi = {10.1093/schizbullopen/sgaa039},

issn = {2632-7899},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Schizophr Bull Open},

volume = {1},

number = {1},

pages = {sgaa039},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: To examine whether the duration of unremitted psychotic symptoms after the onset of a first episode of psychosis (FEP) is associated with cortical thickness and hippocampal volume, as well as structural covariance of these measures.nnMETHOD: Longitudinal MRI scans were obtained for 80 FEP patients shortly after entry to FEP clinic (baseline), and then 12 months and 24 months later. The proportion of time patients experienced unremitted positive symptoms for 2 interscan intervals (baseline to 12 mo, 12 mo to 24 mo) was calculated. Changes in cortical thickness and hippocampal volumes were calculated for each interscan interval and associated with duration of unremitted psychotic symptoms. Significant regions were then used in seed-based structural covariance analyses to examine the effect of unremitted psychotic symptoms on brain structural organization. Importantly, analyses controlled for antipsychotic medication.nnRESULTS: Cortical thinning within the left medial/orbitofrontal prefrontal cortex and superior temporal gyrus were significantly associated with the duration of unremitted psychotic symptoms during the first interscan interval (ie, baseline to 12 mo). Further, changes in cortical thickness within the left medial/orbitofrontal cortex positively covaried with changes in thickness in the left dorsal and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex during this period. No associations were observed during the second interscan interval, nor with hippocampal volumes.nnCONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that cortical thickness change can be observed shortly after an FEP, and these changes are proportionally related to the percentage of time spent with unremitted psychotic symptoms. Altered structural covariance in the prefrontal cortex suggests that unremitted psychotic symptoms may underlie reorganization in higher-order cortical regions.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32848949,

title = {Network Analyses of Maternal Pre- and Post-Partum Symptoms of Depression and Anxiety},

author = {Desiree Y Phua and Helen Chen and Yap Seng Chong and Peter D Gluckman and Birit F P Broekman and Michael J Meaney},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00785},

issn = {1664-0640},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Psychiatry},

volume = {11},

pages = {785},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Maternal mental health problems often develop prenatally and predict post-partum mental health. However, the circumstances before and following childbirth differ considerably. We currently lack an understanding of dynamic variation in the profiles of depressive and anxiety symptoms over the perinatal period.nnMETHODS: Depressive and anxiety symptoms were self-reported by 980 women at 26-week pregnancy and 3 months post-partum. We used network analysis of depressive and anxiety symptoms to investigate if the symptoms network changed during and after pregnancy. The pre- and post-partum depressive-anxiety symptom networks were assessed for changes in structure, unique symptom-symptom interactions, central and bridging symptoms. We also assessed if central symptoms had stronger predictive effect on offspring's developmental outcomes outcomes at birth and 24, 54, and 72 months old than non-central symptoms. Bridging symptoms between negative and positive mental health were also assessed.nnRESULTS: Though the depressive-anxiety network structures were stable during and after pregnancy, the post-partum network was more strongly connected. The central depressive-anxiety symptoms were also different between prenatal and post-partum networks. During pregnancy, central symptoms were mostly related to feeling worthless or useless; after pregnancy, central symptoms were mostly related to feeling overwhelmed or being punished. Central symptoms during pregnancy were associated with poorer developmental outcomes for the child. Anxiety symptoms were strongest bridging symptoms during and after pregnancy. The interactions between negative and positive mental health symptoms were also different during and after pregnancy.nnCONCLUSIONS: The differences between pre- and post-partum networks suggest that the presentation of maternal mental health problems varies over the peripartum period. This variation is not captured by traditional symptom scale scores. The bridging symptoms also suggest that anxiety symptoms may precede the development of maternal depression. Interventions and public health policies should thus be tailored to specific pre- and post-partum symptom profiles.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32848635,

title = {Characterization of Vimentin-Immunoreactive Astrocytes in the Human Brain},

author = {Liam Anuj O'Leary and Maria Antonietta Davoli and Claudia Belliveau and Arnaud Tanti and Jie Christopher Ma and William Todd Farmer and Gustavo Turecki and Keith Kazuo Murai and Naguib Mechawar},

doi = {10.3389/fnana.2020.00031},

issn = {1662-5129},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Neuroanat},

volume = {14},

pages = {31},

abstract = {Astrocytes are commonly identified by their expression of the intermediate filament protein glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). GFAP-immunoreactive (GFAP-IR) astrocytes exhibit regional heterogeneity in density and morphology in the mouse brain as well as morphological diversity in the human cortex. However, regional variations in astrocyte distribution and morphology remain to be assessed comprehensively. This was the overarching objective of this postmortem study, which mainly exploited the immunolabeling of vimentin (VIM), an intermediate filament protein expressed by astrocytes and endothelial cells which presents the advantage of more extensively labeling cell structures. We compared the densities of vimentin-immunoreactive (VIM-IR) and GFAP-IR astrocytes in various brain regions (prefrontal and primary visual cortex, caudate nucleus, mediodorsal thalamus) from male individuals having died suddenly in the absence of neurological or psychiatric conditions. The morphometric properties of VIM-IR in these brain regions were also assessed. We found that VIM-IR astrocytes generally express the canonical astrocytic markers Aldh1L1 and GFAP but that VIM-IR astrocytes are less abundant than GFAP-IR astrocytes in all human brain regions, particularly in the thalamus, where VIM-IR cells were nearly absent. About 20% of all VIM-IR astrocytes presented a twin cell morphology, a phenomenon rarely observed for GFAP-IR astrocytes. Furthermore VIM-IR astrocytes in the striatum were often seen to extend numerous parallel processes which seemed to give rise to large VIM-IR fiber bundles projecting over long distances. Moreover, morphometric analyses revealed that VIM-IR astrocytes were more complex than their mouse counterparts in functionally homologous brain regions, as has been previously reported for GFAP-IR astrocytes. Lastly, the density of GFAP-IR astrocytes in gray and white matter were inversely correlated with vascular density, but for VIM-IR astrocytes this was only the case in gray matter, suggesting that gliovascular interactions may especially influence the regional heterogeneity of GFAP-IR astrocytes. Taken together, these findings reveal special features displayed uniquely by human VIM-IR astrocytes and illustrate that astrocytes display important region- and marker-specific differences in the healthy human brain.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32714924,

title = {Dopamine Axon Targeting in the Nucleus Accumbens in Adolescence Requires Netrin-1},

author = {Santiago Cuesta and Dominique Nouel and Lauren M Reynolds and Alice Morgunova and Angélica Torres-Berrío and Amanda White and Giovanni Hernandez and Helen M Cooper and Cecilia Flores},

doi = {10.3389/fcell.2020.00487},

issn = {2296-634X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Cell Dev Biol},

volume = {8},

pages = {487},

abstract = {The fine arrangement of neuronal connectivity during development involves the coordinated action of guidance cues and their receptors. In adolescence, the dopamine circuitry is still developing, with mesolimbic dopamine axons undergoing target-recognition events in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc), while mesocortical projections continue to grow toward the prefrontal cortex (PFC) until adulthood. This segregation of mesolimbic versus mesocortical dopamine pathways is mediated by the guidance cue receptor DCC, which signals dopamine axons intended to innervate the NAcc to recognize this region as their final target. Whether DCC-dependent mesolimbic dopamine axon targeting in adolescence requires the action of its ligand, Netrin-1, is unknown. Here we combined shRNA strategies, quantitative analysis of pre- and post-synaptic markers of neuronal connectivity, and pharmacological manipulations to address this question. Similar to DCC levels in the ventral tegmental area, Netrin-1 expression in the NAcc is dynamic across postnatal life, transitioning from high to low expression across adolescence. Silencing Netrin-1 in the NAcc in adolescence results in an increase in the expanse of the dopamine input to the PFC in adulthood, with a corresponding increase in the number of presynaptic dopamine sites. This manipulation also results in altered dendritic spine density and morphology of medium spiny neurons in the NAcc in adulthood and in reduced sensitivity to the behavioral activating effects of the stimulant drug of abuse, amphetamine. These cellular and behavioral effects mirror those induced by  haploinsufficiency within dopamine neurons in adolescence. Dopamine targeting in adolescence requires the complementary interaction between DCC receptors in mesolimbic dopamine axons and Netrin-1 in the NAcc. Factors regulating either DCC or Netrin-1 in adolescence can disrupt mesocorticolimbic dopamine development, rendering vulnerability or protection to phenotypes associated with psychiatric disorders.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32705498,

title = {The Role of Epigenetic Dysregulation in Suicidal Behaviors},

author = {Laura M Fiori and Gustavo Turecki},

doi = {10.1007/7854_2020_160},

issn = {1866-3370},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Curr Top Behav Neurosci},

volume = {46},

pages = {41--61},

abstract = {Suicidal behaviors have been associated with both heritable genetic variables and environmental risk factors. Epigenetic processes, such as DNA methylation, have important roles in mediating the effects of the environment on behavior. Dysregulation of these processes has been observed in many psychiatric disorders, and evidence suggests that they may also be involved in suicidal behaviors. Herein, we have summarized candidate gene and epigenome-wide studies which have investigated DNA methylation in relation to suicidal behaviors, as well as discussed some of the limitations of the field to date.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32579560,

title = {Trauma exposure and PTSD prevalence among Yazidi, Christian and Muslim asylum seekers and refugees displaced to Iraqi Kurdistan},

author = {Sami Richa and Marie Herdane and Azzam Dwaf and Rami Bou Khalil and Fadi Haddad and Rhéa El Khoury and Myriam Zarzour and Anthony Kassab and Ramez Dagher and Alain Brunet and Wissam El-Hage},

doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0233681},

issn = {1932-6203},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {PLoS One},

volume = {15},

number = {6},

pages = {e0233681},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is unreliable, and negligible information on the mental health and trauma-exposure of asylum-seekers and displaced refugees in the Iraqi Kurdistan region.nnOBJECTIVES: To evaluate how responsible the ethno-religious origins are, for the prevalence of trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in displaced Iraqi asylum-seekers and refugees residing in the Iraqi Kurdistan region.nnMETHODS: Structured interviews with a cross-sectional sample of 150 individuals, comprised of three self-identified ethno-religious groups (50 participants in each): Christians, Muslims, and Yazidis.nnRESULTS: 100% prevalence of trauma exposure and 48.7% of current PTSD among refugees, 70% PTSD rate of Yazidi participants, which is significantly higher (p < 0.01) compared to 44% of Muslim participants and 32% of Christian participants. These findings were corroborated using the self-rated PTSD, DSM-5 Checklist, with more severe PTSD symptom scores (p < 0.001) obtained among Yazidis (43.1; 19.7), compared to Muslims (31.3; 20.1) and Christians (29.3; 17.8). Self-rated depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-9) were also higher (p < 0.007) among Yazidis (12.3; 8.2) and Muslims (11.7; 5.9), compared to Christians (8.1; 7).},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32544853,

title = {Deformation-based shape analysis of the hippocampus in the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia and Alzheimer's disease},

author = {Marianne Chapleau and Christophe Bedetti and Gabriel A Devenyi and Signy Sheldon and Howie J Rosen and Bruce L Miller and Maria Luisa Gorno-Tempini and Mallar M Chakravarty and Simona M Brambati},

doi = {10.1016/j.nicl.2020.102305},

issn = {2213-1582},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Neuroimage Clin},

volume = {27},

pages = {102305},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Increasing evidence shows that the semantic variant of primary progressive aphasia (svPPA) is characterized by hippocampal atrophy. However, less is known about disease-related morphological hippocampal changes. The goal of the present study is to conduct a detailed characterization of the impact of svPPA on global hippocampus volume and morphology compared with control subjects and patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).nnMETHODS: We measured hippocampal volume and deformation-based shape differences in 22 patients with svPPA compared with 99 patients with AD and 92 controls. Multiple Automatically Generated Templates Brain Segmentation Algorithm (MAGeT-Brain) was used on MRI images obtained at the diagnostic visit.nnRESULTS: Comparable left and right hippocampal atrophy were observed in svPPA and AD. Deformation-based shape analysis showed a common pattern of morphological deformation in svPPA and AD compared with controls. More specifically, both svPPA and AD showed inward deformations in the dorsal surface of the hippocampus, from head to tail on the left side, and more limited to the anterior portion of the body in the right hemisphere. These results also pointed out that both diseases are characterized by a lateral displacement of the central part (body) of the hippocampus.nnDISCUSSION: Our study provides critical new evidence of hippocampal morphological changes in svPPA, similar to those found in AD. These findings highlight the importance of considering morphological hippocampal changes as part of the anatomical profile of patients with svPPA.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32523515,

title = {Ultradian Secretion of Growth Hormone in Mice: Linking Physiology With Changes in Synapse Parameters Using Super-Resolution Microscopy},

author = {Klaudia Bednarz and Walaa Alshafie and Sarah Aufmkolk and Théotime Desserteaux and Pratap Singh Markam and Kai-Florian Storch and Thomas Stroh},

doi = {10.3389/fncir.2020.00021},

issn = {1662-5110},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Neural Circuits},

volume = {14},

pages = {21},

abstract = {Neuroendocrine circuits are orchestrated by the pituitary gland in response to hypothalamic hormone-releasing and inhibiting factors to generate an ultradian and/or circadian rhythm of hormone secretion. However, mechanisms that govern this rhythmicity are not fully understood. It has been shown that synaptic transmission in the rodent hypothalamus undergoes cyclical changes in parallel with rhythmic hormone secretion and a growing body of evidence suggests that rapid rewiring of hypothalamic neurons may be the source of these changes. For decades, structural synaptic studies have been utilizing electron microscopy, which provides the resolution suitable for visualizing synapses. However, the small field of view, limited specificity and manual analysis susceptible to bias fuel the search for a more quantitative approach. Here, we apply the fluorescence super-resolution microscopy approach  Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM) to quantify and structurally characterize excitatory and inhibitory synapses that contact growth hormone-releasing-hormone (GHRH) neurons during peak and trough values of growth hormone (GH) concentration in mice. This approach relies on a three-color immunofluorescence staining of GHRH and pre- and post-synaptic markers, and a quantitative analysis with a Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (DBSCAN) algorithm. With this method we confirm our previous findings, using electron microscopy, of increased excitatory synaptic input to GHRH neurons during peak levels of GH. Additionally, we find a shift in synapse numbers during low GH levels, where more inhibitory synaptic inputs are detected. Lastly, we utilize STORM to study novel aspects of synaptic structure. We show that more excitatory (but not inhibitory) pre-synaptic clusters associate with excitatory post-synaptic clusters during peaks of GH secretion and that the numbers of post-synaptic clusters increase during high hormone levels. The results presented here provide an opportunity to highlight STORM as a valuable quantitative approach to study synaptic structure in the neuroendocrine circuit. Importantly, our analysis of GH circuitry sheds light on the potential mechanism that drives ultradian changes in synaptic transmission and possibly aids in GH pulse generation in mice.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32520164,

title = {Childhood-maltreatment subtypes in bipolar patients with suicidal behavior: systematic review and meta-analysis},

author = {Dante Duarte and Raoul Belzeaux and Bruno Etain and Kyle T Greenway and Emilie Rancourt and Humberto Correa and Gustavo Turecki and Stéphane Richard-Devantoy},

doi = {10.1590/1516-4446-2019-0592},

issn = {1809-452X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Braz J Psychiatry},

volume = {42},

number = {5},

pages = {558--567},

abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Patients with bipolar disorders have a high risk of suicidal behavior. Childhood maltreatment is a well-established risk factor for suicidal behavior. The objective of this study was to examine the association between childhood-maltreatment subtypes and vulnerability to suicide attempts in bipolar disorder using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).nnMETHODS: A literature review was performed using the MEDLINE, Embase, and PsycINFO databases. Thirteen studies met the selection criteria. In the meta-analysis, the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) was used to assess a wide range of childhood maltreatment subtypes, which were analyzed by using a random-effects model to account for the likely variations of true effect sizes between the included studies.nnRESULTS: In the systematic review, 13 studies met the selection criteria. The CTQ was selected for the meta-analysis to increase the homogeneity of assessment and to encompass a wide range of childhood-maltreatment subtypes. The data were analyzed using a random-effects model. Compared to bipolar non-attempters, bipolar suicide attempters had experienced childhood maltreatment with a significantly higher frequency and had higher total CTQ scores (Hedges' g = -0.38, 95%CI -0.52 to -0.24, z = -5.27, p < 0.001) and CTQ sub-scores (sexual abuse: g = -0.39, 95%CI -0.52 to -0.26, z = -5.97; physical abuse: g = -0.26, 95%CI -0.39 to -0.13, z = -4.00; emotional abuse: g = -0.39, 95%CI -0.65 to -0.13, z = -2.97; physical neglect: g = -0.18, 95%CI -0.31 to -0.05, z = -2.79; emotional neglect: g = -0.27, 95%CI -0.43 to -0.11, z = -3.32).nnCONCLUSIONS: Childhood maltreatment, as assessed by the CTQ, may contribute to an increased risk of suicidal behavior among people with bipolar disorders. Recognizing maltreatment as an etiological risk factor is a crucial step toward furthering science-based preventive psychiatry.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32499681,

title = {A Probabilistic Framework for Decoding Behavior From  Calcium Imaging Data},

author = {Guillaume Etter and Frederic Manseau and Sylvain Williams},

doi = {10.3389/fncir.2020.00019},

issn = {1662-5110},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Neural Circuits},

volume = {14},

pages = {19},

abstract = {Understanding the role of neuronal activity in cognition and behavior is a key question in neuroscience. Previously,  studies have typically inferred behavior from electrophysiological data using probabilistic approaches including Bayesian decoding. While providing useful information on the role of neuronal subcircuits, electrophysiological approaches are often limited in the maximum number of recorded neurons as well as their ability to reliably identify neurons over time. This can be particularly problematic when trying to decode behaviors that rely on large neuronal assemblies or rely on temporal mechanisms, such as a learning task over the course of several days. Calcium imaging of genetically encoded calcium indicators has overcome these two issues. Unfortunately, because calcium transients only indirectly reflect spiking activity and calcium imaging is often performed at lower sampling frequencies, this approach suffers from uncertainty in exact spike timing and thus activity frequency, making rate-based decoding approaches used in electrophysiological recordings difficult to apply to calcium imaging data. Here we describe a probabilistic framework that can be used to robustly infer behavior from calcium imaging recordings and relies on a simplified implementation of a naive Baysian classifier. Our method discriminates between periods of activity and periods of inactivity to compute probability density functions (likelihood and posterior), significance and confidence interval, as well as mutual information. We next devise a simple method to decode behavior using these probability density functions and propose metrics to quantify decoding accuracy. Finally, we show that neuronal activity can be predicted from behavior, and that the accuracy of such reconstructions can guide the understanding of relationships that may exist between behavioral states and neuronal activity.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32491041,

title = {Brazilian research on child and adolescent suicide: looking at the past to plan the future},

author = {Massimiliano Orri and Gustavo Turecki},

doi = {10.1590/1516-4446-2020-1024},

issn = {1809-452X},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Braz J Psychiatry},

volume = {42},

number = {5},

pages = {570--572},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32474466,

title = {APOE4 Status is Related to Differences in Memory-Related Brain Function in Asymptomatic Older Adults with Family History of Alzheimer's Disease: Baseline Analysis of the PREVENT-AD Task Functional MRI Dataset},

author = {Sheida Rabipour and Sricharana Rajagopal and Elsa Yu and Stamatoula Pasvanis and Marie-Elyse Lafaille-Magnan and John Breitner and  and M Natasha Rajah},

doi = {10.3233/JAD-191292},

issn = {1875-8908},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {J Alzheimers Dis},

volume = {76},

number = {1},

pages = {97--119},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Episodic memory decline is one of the earliest symptoms of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Older adults with the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (+APOE4) genetic risk factor for AD may exhibit altered patterns of memory-related brain activity years prior to initial symptom onset.nnOBJECTIVE: Here we report the baseline episodic memory task functional MRI results from the PRe-symptomatic EValuation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease cohort in Montreal, Canada, in which 327 healthy older adults were scanned within 15 years of their parent's conversion to AD.nnMETHODS: Volunteers were scanned as they encoded and retrieved object-location spatial source associations. The task was designed to discriminate between brain activity related to spatial source recollection and object-only (recognition) memory. We used multivariate partial least squares (PLS) to test the hypothesis that +APOE4 adults with family history of AD would exhibit altered patterns of brain activity in the recollection-related memory network, comprised of medial frontal, parietal, and medial temporal cortices, compared to APOE4 non-carriers (-APOE4). We also examined group differences in the correlation between event-related brain activity and memory performance.nnRESULTS: We found group similarities in memory performance and in task-related brain activity in the recollection network, but differences in brain activity-behavior correlations in ventral occipito-temporal, medial temporal, and medial prefrontal cortices during episodic encoding.nnCONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with previous literature on the influence of APOE4 on brain activity and provide new perspective on potential gene-based differences in brain-behavior relationships in people with first-degree family history of AD.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32405466,

title = {Low-cost conditioned place preference setup including video recording and analysis of behaviour},

author = {Philip Vassilev and Moataz Salim and Christina Popescu and Cecilia Flores and Giovanni Hernandez},

doi = {10.1016/j.mex.2020.100899},

issn = {2215-0161},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {MethodsX},

volume = {7},

pages = {100899},

abstract = {The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm is widely used in rodent research to test the rewarding and aversive properties of different stimuli. Despite its relative simplicity, commercially available CPP systems are often costly. Here we describe the construction of a CPP setup and a behavioral data analysis pipeline incorporating: • a CPP box which can be built in a single day by using widely available and affordable materials. • an open source computer system for data acquisition (based on Raspberry Pi). • a freely available behavioural analysis software. The behavioural analysis allows for measurement of both locomotor activity and time spent in a zone of interest. Including all components, our setup costs ~1/10 of the cost of the least expensive commercially available CPP boxes alone (not including data acquisition and analysis). We validated the setup by showing that a 4 mg/kg dose of amphetamine increases locomotor activity acutely in adolescent male mice and induces conditioned preference for the drug-paired compartment in the CPP test.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}