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2020
Jafari, Zahra; Copps, Thomas; Hole, Glenn; Kolb, Bryan E; Mohajerani, Majid H
Noise Damage Accelerates Auditory Aging and Tinnitus: A Canadian Population-Based Study Journal Article
In: Otol Neurotol, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 1316–1326, 2020, ISSN: 1537-4505.
@article{pmid32810017,
title = {Noise Damage Accelerates Auditory Aging and Tinnitus: A Canadian Population-Based Study},
author = {Zahra Jafari and Thomas Copps and Glenn Hole and Bryan E Kolb and Majid H Mohajerani},
doi = {10.1097/MAO.0000000000002848},
issn = {1537-4505},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
journal = {Otol Neurotol},
volume = {41},
number = {10},
pages = {1316--1326},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Age-related hearing loss (ARHL) is the third most challenging disability in older adults. Noise is a known modifiable risk factor of ARHL, which can drive adverse health effects. Few large-scale studies, however, have shown how chronic noise exposure (CNE) impacts the progression of ARHL and tinnitus.nnSTUDY DESIGN: Retrospective large-scale study.nnSETTING: Audiology clinical practice.nnPATIENTS: In this study, 928 individuals aged 30-100 years without (n=497) or with the experience of CNE (n=431) were compared in their hearing assessments and tinnitus. In order to only investigate the impact of CNE on ARHL and tinnitus, people with other risk factors of hearing loss were excluded from the study.nnINTERVENTION: Diagnostic.nnMAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Noise damage was associated with a greater ARHL per age decades (pure-tone average(PTA)0.5-4kHz alterations 19.6-70.8 dB vs. 8.0-63.2 dB, ≤0.001), an acceleration of developing a significant ARHL at least by two decades (PTA0.5-4kHz 33.4 dB at 50-59yr vs. 28.2 dB at 30-39yr, ≤0.001), and an increased loss of word recognition scores (total average 84.7% vs. 80.0%, ≤0.001). Significant noise-associated growth in the prevalence of tinnitus also was shown, including more than a triple prevalence for constant tinnitus (28.10% vs. 8.85%, ≤0.001) and near to a double prevalence for intermittent tinnitus (19.10% vs. 11.10%, ≤0.001). Noise also resulted in the elevation of the static compliance of the tympanic membrane throughout age (total average 0.61 vs. 0.85 mmho, ≤0.001).nnCONCLUSIONS: Our findings emphasize the significant contribution of CNE in auditory aging and the precipitation of both ARHL and tinnitus.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Foo, Shanny; Bohbot, Veronique D
Theta rhythm across the species: Bridging inconsistencies with a multiple memory systems approach Journal Article
In: Behav Neurosci, vol. 134, no. 6, pp. 475–490, 2020, ISSN: 1939-0084.
@article{pmid33570991b,
title = {Theta rhythm across the species: Bridging inconsistencies with a multiple memory systems approach},
author = {Shanny Foo and Veronique D Bohbot},
doi = {10.1037/bne0000440},
issn = {1939-0084},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-12-01},
journal = {Behav Neurosci},
volume = {134},
number = {6},
pages = {475--490},
abstract = {The discovery of movement-modulated 7-8 Hz theta rhythm in rodents provided one of the earliest indications of synchronicity of neuronal firing in the hippocampus. Subsequent research expanded on this finding on theta rhythm and its role in other domains such as spatial navigation and memory. Nevertheless, discrepancies among animal models posed the question of how well the animal literature represents human mechanisms. Technological advances have since facilitated research taking place directly in humans, typically neurosurgical patients implanted with intracranial electrodes. Human studies have observed lower frequency oscillations in participants engaged in virtual spatial navigation studies, compared to the 7-8 Hz oscillations seen in rodents. Recently, research in humans engaged in real-world task demonstrating 7-9 Hz oscillations infer that the previously observed lower frequency theta may have been constrained by the absence of movement-related processing that occurs in physical activities. Together, these findings suggest that humans may indeed be more similar to rodent models than previously reported when completing tasks more analogous to those used in rodent experiments. This review summarizes early work on theta rhythm across species and outlines certain remaining discrepancies as well as a novel proposed hypothesis of the behavioral correlates of theta rhythm, taking a multiple memory systems perspective. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Qi, Bill; Fiori, Laura M; Turecki, Gustavo; Trakadis, Yannis J
Machine Learning Analysis of Blood microRNA Data in Major Depression: A Case-Control Study for Biomarker Discovery Journal Article
In: Int J Neuropsychopharmacol, vol. 23, no. 8, pp. 505–510, 2020, ISSN: 1469-5111.
@article{pmid32365192,
title = {Machine Learning Analysis of Blood microRNA Data in Major Depression: A Case-Control Study for Biomarker Discovery},
author = {Bill Qi and Laura M Fiori and Gustavo Turecki and Yannis J Trakadis},
doi = {10.1093/ijnp/pyaa029},
issn = {1469-5111},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Int J Neuropsychopharmacol},
volume = {23},
number = {8},
pages = {505--510},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: There is a lack of reliable biomarkers for major depressive disorder (MDD) in clinical practice. However, several studies have shown an association between alterations in microRNA levels and MDD, albeit none of them has taken advantage of machine learning (ML).nnMETHOD: Supervised and unsupervised ML were applied to blood microRNA expression profiles from a MDD case-control dataset (n = 168) to distinguish between (1) case vs control status, (2) MDD severity levels defined based on the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, and (3) antidepressant responders vs nonresponders.nnRESULTS: MDD cases were distinguishable from healthy controls with an area-under-the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.97 on testing data. High- vs low-severity cases were distinguishable with an AUC of 0.63. Unsupervised clustering of patients, before supervised ML analysis of each cluster for MDD severity, improved the performance of the classifiers (AUC of 0.70 for cluster 1 and 0.76 for cluster 2). Antidepressant responders could not be successfully separated from nonresponders, even after patient stratification by unsupervised clustering. However, permutation testing of the top microRNA, identified by the ML model trained to distinguish responders vs nonresponders in each of the 2 clusters, showed an association with antidepressant response. Each of these microRNA markers was only significant when comparing responders vs nonresponders of the corresponding cluster, but not using the heterogeneous unclustered patient set.nnCONCLUSIONS: Supervised and unsupervised ML analysis of microRNA may lead to robust biomarkers for monitoring clinical evolution and for more timely assessment of treatment in MDD patients.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lavin-Gonzalez, Paola; Bourguignon, Clément; Crescenzi, Olivia; Beaulieu, Serge; Storch, Kai-Florian; Linnaranta, Outi
Inactograms and objective sleep measures as means to capture subjective sleep problems in patients with a bipolar disorder Journal Article
In: Bipolar Disord, vol. 22, no. 7, pp. 722–730, 2020, ISSN: 1399-5618.
@article{pmid32232937,
title = {Inactograms and objective sleep measures as means to capture subjective sleep problems in patients with a bipolar disorder},
author = {Paola Lavin-Gonzalez and Clément Bourguignon and Olivia Crescenzi and Serge Beaulieu and Kai-Florian Storch and Outi Linnaranta},
doi = {10.1111/bdi.12903},
issn = {1399-5618},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Bipolar Disord},
volume = {22},
number = {7},
pages = {722--730},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are common in bipolar disorders (BDs). To objectively characterize these problems in BDs, further methodological development is needed to capture subjective insomnia.nnAIM: To test psychometric properties of the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS), and associations with actigraphy-derived measures, applying modifications in actigraphy data processing to capture features of perturbed sleep in patients with a BD.nnMETHODS: Seventy-four patients completed the AIS and the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology, self-report (QIDS-SR-16). Locomotor activity was continuously recorded by wrist actigraphy for ≥10 consecutive days. We computed the sleep onset/offset, the center of daily inactivity (CenDI), as a proxy for chronotype, and the degree of consolidation of daily inactivity (ConDI), as a proxy for sleep-wake rhythm strength.nnRESULTS: AIS showed good psychometric properties (Cronbach's alpha = 0.84; test-retest correlation = 0.84, P<.001). Subjective sleep problems correlated moderately with a later sleep phase (CenDI with AIS rho = 0.34, P = .003), lower consolidation (ConDI with AIS rho = -0.22, P = .05; with QIDS-SR-16 rho = -0.27, P = .019), later timing of sleep offset (with AIS rho = 0.49, P = ≤.001, with QIDS-SR-16 rho = 0.36, P = .002), and longer total sleep (with AIS rho = 0.29, P = .012, with QIDS-SR-16 rho = 0.41, P = ≤.001). While AIS was psychometrically more solid, correlations with objective sleep were more consistent across time for QIDS-SR-16.nnCONCLUSIONS: AIS and QIDS-SR-16 are suitable for clinical screening of sleep problems among patients with a BD. Subjective insomnia associated with objective measures. For clinical and research purposes, actigraphy and data visualization on inactograms are useful for accurate longitudinal characterization of sleep patterns.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Cheng, Yubo; Saville, Luke; Gollen, Babita; Isaac, Christopher; Belay, Abel; Mehla, Jogender; Patel, Kush; Thakor, Nehal; Mohajerani, Majid H; Zovoilis, Athanasios
Increased processing of SINE B2 ncRNAs unveils a novel type of transcriptome deregulation in amyloid beta neuropathology Journal Article
In: Elife, vol. 9, 2020, ISSN: 2050-084X.
@article{pmid33191914,
title = {Increased processing of SINE B2 ncRNAs unveils a novel type of transcriptome deregulation in amyloid beta neuropathology},
author = {Yubo Cheng and Luke Saville and Babita Gollen and Christopher Isaac and Abel Belay and Jogender Mehla and Kush Patel and Nehal Thakor and Majid H Mohajerani and Athanasios Zovoilis},
doi = {10.7554/eLife.61265},
issn = {2050-084X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Elife},
volume = {9},
abstract = {The functional importance of many non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) generated by repetitive elements and their connection with pathologic processes remains elusive. B2 RNAs, a class of ncRNAs of the B2 family of SINE repeats, mediate through their processing the transcriptional activation of various genes in response to stress. Here, we show that this response is dysfunctional during amyloid beta toxicity and pathology in the mouse hippocampus due to increased levels of B2 RNA processing, leading to constitutively elevated B2 RNA target gene expression and high levels. Evidence indicates that Hsf1, a master regulator of stress response, mediates B2 RNA processing in hippocampal cells and is activated during amyloid toxicity, accelerating the processing of SINE RNAs and gene hyper-activation. Our study reveals that in mouse, SINE RNAs constitute a novel pathway deregulated in amyloid beta pathology, with potential implications for similar cases in the human brain, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD).},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jafari, Zahra; Kolb, Bryan E; Mohajerani, Majid H
Neural oscillations and brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease Journal Article
In: Prog Neurobiol, vol. 194, pp. 101878, 2020, ISSN: 1873-5118.
@article{pmid32615147,
title = {Neural oscillations and brain stimulation in Alzheimer's disease},
author = {Zahra Jafari and Bryan E Kolb and Majid H Mohajerani},
doi = {10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101878},
issn = {1873-5118},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Prog Neurobiol},
volume = {194},
pages = {101878},
abstract = {Aging is associated with alterations in cognitive processing and brain neurophysiology. Whereas the primary symptom of amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) is memory problems greater than normal for age and education, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show impairments in other cognitive domains in addition to memory dysfunction. Resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) studies in physiological aging indicate a global increase in low-frequency oscillations' power and the reduction and slowing of alpha activity. The enhancement of slow and the reduction of fast oscillations, and the disruption of brain functional connectivity, however, are characterized as major rsEEG changes in AD. Recent rodent studies also support human evidence of age- and AD-related changes in resting-state brain oscillations, and the neuroprotective effect of brain stimulation techniques through gamma-band stimulations. Cumulatively, current evidence moves toward optimizing rsEEG features as reliable predictors of people with aMCI at risk for conversion to AD and mapping neural alterations subsequent to brain stimulation therapies. The present paper reviews the latest evidence of changes in rsEEG oscillations in physiological aging, aMCI, and AD, as well as findings of various brain stimulation therapies from both human and non-human studies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Kaul, Dominic; Smith, Caine C; Stevens, Julia; Fröhlich, Anna S; Binder, Elisabeth B; Mechawar, Naguib; Schwab, Sibylle G; Matosin, Natalie
Severe childhood and adulthood stress associates with neocortical layer-specific reductions of mature spines in psychiatric disorders Journal Article
In: Neurobiol Stress, vol. 13, pp. 100270, 2020, ISSN: 2352-2895.
@article{pmid33344723,
title = {Severe childhood and adulthood stress associates with neocortical layer-specific reductions of mature spines in psychiatric disorders},
author = {Dominic Kaul and Caine C Smith and Julia Stevens and Anna S Fröhlich and Elisabeth B Binder and Naguib Mechawar and Sibylle G Schwab and Natalie Matosin},
doi = {10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100270},
issn = {2352-2895},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Neurobiol Stress},
volume = {13},
pages = {100270},
abstract = {Severe stress exposure causes the loss of dendritic spines on cortical pyramidal neurons and induces psychiatric-like symptoms in rodent models. These effects are strongest following early-life stress and are most persistent on apical dendrites. However, the long-term impacts and temporal effects of stress exposure on the human brain remain poorly understood. Using a novel postmortem cohort of psychiatric cases with severe stress experienced in childhood, adulthood, or no severe stress, and matched controls, we aimed to determine the impact of stress timing on pyramidal neuron structure in the human orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). We performed Golgi Cox staining and manually measured the morphology and density of over 22,000 dendritic spines on layer-specific pyramidal neuron apical dendrites. We also quantified glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and protein as a marker of stress dysregulation. Both childhood and adulthood stress were associated with large reductions in mature mushroom spine density (up to 56% loss) in both the superficial (II/III) and deeper layers (V) of the OFC. However, childhood stress caused more substantial reductions to both total and mature mushroom spines. No difference in glucocorticoid receptor mRNA and protein were seen between groups, although both negatively correlated with total spine density within the whole cohort. These findings indicate that severe stress, especially when experienced during childhood, persistently affects the fine morphological properties of neurons in the human OFC. This may impact on cell connectivity in this brain area, and at least partly explain the social and emotional symptoms that originate in the OFC in psychiatric disorders.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Asseyer, Susanna; Kuchling, Joseph; Gaetano, Laura; Komnenić, Darko; Siebert, Nadja; Chien, Claudia; Scheel, Michael; Oertel, Frederike C; Ruprecht, Klemens; Bellmann-Strobl, Judith; Finke, Carsten; Chakravarty, M Mallar; Magon, Stefano; Wuerfel, Jens; Paul, Friedemann; Papadopoulou, Athina; Brandt, Alexander U
Ventral posterior nucleus volume is associated with neuropathic pain intensity in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders Journal Article
In: Mult Scler Relat Disord, vol. 46, pp. 102579, 2020, ISSN: 2211-0356.
@article{pmid33296976,
title = {Ventral posterior nucleus volume is associated with neuropathic pain intensity in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders},
author = {Susanna Asseyer and Joseph Kuchling and Laura Gaetano and Darko Komnenić and Nadja Siebert and Claudia Chien and Michael Scheel and Frederike C Oertel and Klemens Ruprecht and Judith Bellmann-Strobl and Carsten Finke and M Mallar Chakravarty and Stefano Magon and Jens Wuerfel and Friedemann Paul and Athina Papadopoulou and Alexander U Brandt},
doi = {10.1016/j.msard.2020.102579},
issn = {2211-0356},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Mult Scler Relat Disord},
volume = {46},
pages = {102579},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neuropathic pain (NP) is frequent in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD). The ventral posterior nucleus (VPN) of the thalamus receives sensory afferences from the spinothalamic tracts and is associated with central pain in other conditions.nnOBJECTIVE: To investigate associations between NP and VPN volume in aquaporin-4-IgG- positive (AQP4-IgG+) NMOSD.nnMETHODS: This cross-sectional study included 32 AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD patients and 37 healthy controls. NP intensity was determined by the PainDetect Questionnaire. Spinal cord lesion number and location as well as VPN volume were assessed by MRI, the latter using a multi-atlas-based automated segmentation.nnRESULTS: Twenty-five patients (78%) suffered from NP and seven had no pain. Mean VPN volume did not differ between patients with and without NP (p=0.533) or between patients and controls. However, mean VPN volume correlated with average (rho=-0.486, p=0.019) and worst pain intensity (rho=-0.593, p=0.003). Of note, no other thalamic nuclei volumes correlated with measures of pain intensity. Compared to pain-free patients, patients with NP had more lesions involving the thoracic spinal cord (p=0.007). The relationships between VPN and pain intensity measures remained after adjustment for age, myelitis count, and spinal cord lesion location.nnCONCLUSION: Our data support a model where thoracic spinal cord lesions are associated with the development of NP in AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD and the VPN plays a role in the modulation of NP intensity. VPN volume as assessed in our study may be a clinically meaningful imaging marker of pain severity in AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Morgunova, Alice; Pokhvisneva, Irina; Nolvi, Saara; Entringer, Sonja; Wadhwa, Pathik; Gilmore, John; Styner, Martin; Buss, Claudia; Sassi, Roberto Britto; Hall, Geoffrey B C; O'Donnell, Kieran J; Meaney, Michael J; Silveira, Patricia P; Flores, Cecilia A
gene network in the prefrontal cortex is associated with total brain volume in childhood Journal Article
In: J Psychiatry Neurosci, vol. 46, no. 1, pp. E154–E163, 2020, ISSN: 1488-2434.
@article{pmid33206040,
title = { gene network in the prefrontal cortex is associated with total brain volume in childhood},
author = {Alice Morgunova and Irina Pokhvisneva and Saara Nolvi and Sonja Entringer and Pathik Wadhwa and John Gilmore and Martin Styner and Claudia Buss and Roberto Britto Sassi and Geoffrey B C Hall and Kieran J O'Donnell and Michael J Meaney and Patricia P Silveira and Cecilia A Flores},
doi = {10.1503/jpn.200081},
issn = {1488-2434},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {J Psychiatry Neurosci},
volume = {46},
number = {1},
pages = {E154--E163},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Genetic variation in the guidance cue gene is linked to psychopathologies involving dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex. We created an expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) based on the coexpression gene network in the prefrontal cortex, hypothesizing that it would be associated with individual differences in total brain volume.nnMETHODS: We filtered single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) from genes coexpressed with in the prefrontal cortex obtained from an adult postmortem donors database (BrainEAC) for genes enriched in children 1.5 to 11 years old (BrainSpan). The SNPs were weighted by their effect size in predicting gene expression in the prefrontal cortex, multiplied by their allele number based on an individual's genotype data, and then summarized into an ePRS. We evaluated associations between the ePRS and total brain volume in children in 2 community-based cohorts: the Maternal Adversity, Vulnerability and Neurodevelopment (MAVAN) and University of California, Irvine (UCI) projects. For comparison, we calculated a conventional PRS based on a genome-wide association study of total brain volume.nnRESULTS: Higher ePRS was associated with higher total brain volume in children 8 to 10 years old (β = 0.212, = 0.043; = 88). The conventional PRS at several different thresholds did not predict total brain volume in this cohort. A replication analysis in an independent cohort of newborns from the UCI study showed an association between the ePRS and newborn total brain volume (β = 0.101, = 0.048; = 80). The genes included in the ePRS demonstrated high levels of coexpression throughout the lifespan and are primarily involved in regulating cellular function.nnLIMITATIONS: The relatively small sample size and age differences between the main and replication cohorts were limitations.nnCONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that the coexpression network in the prefrontal cortex is critically involved in whole brain development during the first decade of life. Genes comprising the ePRS are involved in gene translation control and cell adhesion, and their expression in the prefrontal cortex at different stages of life provides a snapshot of their dynamic recruitment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Caplan, Rachel; Nelson, Geoffrey; Distasio, Jino; Isaak, Corinne; Edel, Betty; Piat, Myra; Macnaughton, Eric; Kirst, Maritt; Patterson, Michelle; Aubry, Tim; Mulligan, Susan; Goering, Paula
Indigenous and non-Indigenous parents separated from their children and experiencing homelessness and mental illness in Canada Journal Article
In: J Community Psychol, vol. 48, no. 8, pp. 2753–2772, 2020, ISSN: 1520-6629.
@article{pmid33032366,
title = {Indigenous and non-Indigenous parents separated from their children and experiencing homelessness and mental illness in Canada},
author = {Rachel Caplan and Geoffrey Nelson and Jino Distasio and Corinne Isaak and Betty Edel and Myra Piat and Eric Macnaughton and Maritt Kirst and Michelle Patterson and Tim Aubry and Susan Mulligan and Paula Goering},
doi = {10.1002/jcop.22455},
issn = {1520-6629},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {J Community Psychol},
volume = {48},
number = {8},
pages = {2753--2772},
abstract = {The purpose of this study is to examine the parent-child experiences of Indigenous and non-Indigenous mothers and fathers experiencing homelessness, mental illness, and separation from their children. A qualitative thematic analysis of baseline and 18-month follow-up narrative interviews was used to compare 12 mothers (n = 8 Indigenous and n = 4 nonindigenous) with 24 fathers (n = 13 Indigenous and n = 11 non-Indigenous). First, it was found that children are more central in the lives of mothers than fathers. Second, Indigenous parents' narratives were characterized by interpersonal and systemic violence, racism and trauma, and cultural disconnection, but also more cultural healing resources. Third, an intersectional analysis showed that children were peripheral in the lives of non-Indigenous fathers, and most central to the identities of Indigenous mothers. Gender identity, Indigenous, and intersectional theories are used to interpret the findings. Implications for future theory, research, and culturally relevant intervention are discussed.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Maduro, Alexandra; Elgar, Frank; Demchenko, Ilya; Carboni-Jiménez, Andrea; Mady, Noor; Tounkara, Fama; Sapkota, Ram P; Brunet, Alain
Methodological restrictions within a birth cohort study examining maternal mood symptoms and postpartum depression Miscellaneous
2020, ISSN: 1433-9285.
@misc{pmid32870329,
title = {Methodological restrictions within a birth cohort study examining maternal mood symptoms and postpartum depression},
author = {Alexandra Maduro and Frank Elgar and Ilya Demchenko and Andrea Carboni-Jiménez and Noor Mady and Fama Tounkara and Ram P Sapkota and Alain Brunet},
doi = {10.1007/s00127-020-01925-6},
issn = {1433-9285},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol},
volume = {55},
number = {11},
pages = {1547--1548},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Bertrand, Lia; Bourguignon, Clément; Beaulieu, Serge; Storch, Kai-Florian; Linnaranta, Outi
Suicidal Ideation and Insomnia in Bipolar Disorders: Idéation suicidaire et insomnie dans les troubles bipolaires Journal Article
In: Can J Psychiatry, vol. 65, no. 11, pp. 802–810, 2020, ISSN: 1497-0015.
@article{pmid32856463,
title = {Suicidal Ideation and Insomnia in Bipolar Disorders: Idéation suicidaire et insomnie dans les troubles bipolaires},
author = {Lia Bertrand and Clément Bourguignon and Serge Beaulieu and Kai-Florian Storch and Outi Linnaranta},
doi = {10.1177/0706743720952226},
issn = {1497-0015},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Can J Psychiatry},
volume = {65},
number = {11},
pages = {802--810},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: Bipolar disorder (BD) confers elevated suicide risk and associates with misaligned circadian rhythm. Real-time monitoring of objectively measured sleep is a novel approach to detect and prevent suicidal behavior. We aimed at understanding associations between subjective insomnia and actigraphy data with severity of suicidal ideation in BDs.nnMETHODS: This prospective cohort study comprised 76 outpatients with a BD aged 18 to 65 inclusively. Main measures included 10 consecutive days of wrist actigraphy; the Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS); the Montgomery-Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS); the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptoms-16, self-rating (QIDS-SR-16); and the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale. Diagnoses, medications, and suicide attempts were obtained from chart review.nnRESULTS: Suicidal ideation correlated moderately with subjective insomnia (AIS with QIDS-SR-16 item 12 ρ =0.26, = 0.03; MADRS item 10 ρ = 0.33, = 0.003). Graphical sleep patterns showed that suicidal patients were enriched among the most fragmented sleep patterns, and this was confirmed by correlations of suicidal ideation with actigraphy data at 2 visits. Patients with lifetime suicide attempts ( = 8) had more varied objective sleep (a higher standard deviation of center of daily inactivity [0.64 vs. 0.26, = 0.01], consolidation of daily inactivity [0.18 vs. 0.10, = <0.001], sleep offset [3.02 hours vs. 1.90 hours, = <0.001], and total sleep [105 vs. 69 minutes, = 0.02], and a lower consolidation of daily inactivity [0.65 vs. 0.79, = 0.03]).nnCONCLUSIONS: Subjective insomnia, a nonstigmatized symptom, can complement suicidality screens. Longer follow-ups and larger samples are warranted to understand whether real-time sleep monitoring predicts suicidal ideation in patient subgroups or individually.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Snytte, Jamie; Elshiekh, Abdelhalim; Subramaniapillai, Sivaniya; Manning, Lyssa; Pasvanis, Stamatoula; Devenyi, Gabriel A; Olsen, Rosanna K; Rajah, Maria Natasha
The ratio of posterior-anterior medial temporal lobe volumes predicts source memory performance in healthy young adults Journal Article
In: Hippocampus, vol. 30, no. 11, pp. 1209–1227, 2020, ISSN: 1098-1063.
@article{pmid32830426,
title = {The ratio of posterior-anterior medial temporal lobe volumes predicts source memory performance in healthy young adults},
author = {Jamie Snytte and Abdelhalim Elshiekh and Sivaniya Subramaniapillai and Lyssa Manning and Stamatoula Pasvanis and Gabriel A Devenyi and Rosanna K Olsen and Maria Natasha Rajah},
doi = {10.1002/hipo.23251},
issn = {1098-1063},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Hippocampus},
volume = {30},
number = {11},
pages = {1209--1227},
abstract = {A functional gradient has been proposed across the medial temporal lobes (MTL) such that the anterior MTL is thought to support processing of individual items (e.g., item memory and complex object perception), whereas the posterior MTL is thought to support item-context retrieval (e.g., source memory). Whereas functional imaging studies have provided evidence supporting this anatomical organization, results from structural analyses remain inconclusive. The current study examined the relationship between volume of MTL regions of interest (ROIs), and performance on a source memory task and a fine-grain complex object perception task, in healthy young adults (mean age = 21.5, range = 18-29). Using a semiautomated procedure, we segmented the parahippocampal and perirhinal cortices (PHC, PRC), posteromedial and anterolateral entorhinal cortices (pmERC, alERC), and posterior and anterior hippocampus (postHC, antHC) on high-resolution T2-weighted MRIs. Regional volumes were computed as proportions of intracranial volume, and as posterior-anterior volumetric ratios (PHC:PRC, pmERC:alERC, postHC:antHC). Partial-least squares regressions were applied to predict source and item memory, and perceptual discrimination accuracy, based on ROI and ratio volumes. In our ROI regressions, we found that postHC volume was positively correlated with a latent factor predicting source memory, and PRC and antHC volumes were negatively correlated to this latent factor. In our ratio regressions, we observed an effect relating the posterior-anterior distribution of gray matter across the MTL with source memory. Our results demonstrate differential associations between anterior and posterior MTL and source memory performance. Findings from this study highlight the importance of considering patterns of structure-behavior associations in the neurobiology of episodic memory.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Demchenko, Ilya; Debruille, J Bruno; Sinha, Sujata; Carboni-Jiménez, Andrea; Hwang, Philippe; Maduro, Alexandra; Mady, Noor; Tounkara, Fama; Sapkota, Ram P; Brunet, Alain
2020, ISSN: 1879-1379.
@misc{pmid32771680,
title = {Letter to the editor: Can early posterior negativity and late posterior potential reduction be state biomarkers of emotional scene processing in bipolar disorder?},
author = {Ilya Demchenko and J Bruno Debruille and Sujata Sinha and Andrea Carboni-Jiménez and Philippe Hwang and Alexandra Maduro and Noor Mady and Fama Tounkara and Ram P Sapkota and Alain Brunet},
doi = {10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.07.031},
issn = {1879-1379},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {J Psychiatr Res},
volume = {130},
pages = {41--42},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Han, Ji Won; Maillard, Pauline; Harvey, Danielle; Fletcher, Evan; Martinez, Oliver; Johnson, David K; Olichney, John M; Farias, Sarah T; Villeneuve, Sylvia; Jagust, William; Mungas, Dan; DeCarli, Charles
Association of vascular brain injury, neurodegeneration, amyloid, and cognitive trajectory Journal Article
In: Neurology, vol. 95, no. 19, pp. e2622–e2634, 2020, ISSN: 1526-632X.
@article{pmid32732300,
title = {Association of vascular brain injury, neurodegeneration, amyloid, and cognitive trajectory},
author = {Ji Won Han and Pauline Maillard and Danielle Harvey and Evan Fletcher and Oliver Martinez and David K Johnson and John M Olichney and Sarah T Farias and Sylvia Villeneuve and William Jagust and Dan Mungas and Charles DeCarli},
doi = {10.1212/WNL.0000000000010531},
issn = {1526-632X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {95},
number = {19},
pages = {e2622--e2634},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine whether vascular and neurodegenerative factors influence cognition before clinically relevant Alzheimer disease pathology, we analyzed MRI measures and amyloid imaging in an ethnoracially diverse cohort of cognitively normal individuals older than 60 years.nnMETHODS: Participants (n = 154; mean age 74.15 ± 6.94; 50% female; 54% Caucasian, 22.1% Hispanic, 14.9% African American) were recruited from the University of California, Davis Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, who were cognitively normal at baseline, time of PET, and MRI, and received yearly cognitive assessment for 6.23 ± 4.16 years. Mixed model regression with random slope and intercept was calculated for episodic memory and executive function, adjusting for age, sex, education, and ethnicity.nnRESULTS: Vascular burden score was associated with total white matter hyperintensity (WMH) volume (β, 0.171; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.024-0.318). WMH volume was associated with low baseline executive function (-0.115; -0.226 to -0.003) and rate of change in memory (-0.029; -0.045 to -0.012). Hippocampal volume was associated with the rate of change in memory (0.040; 0.021-0.059) and executive function (0.024; 0.008-0.039). Continuous measures of amyloid status influenced change in memory (-0.026; -0.044 to -0.008) and executive function (-0.033; -0.046 to -0.021) independently of MRI measures.nnCONCLUSION: Vascular brain injury and neurodegeneration are associated with baseline cognitive performance and the rate of longitudinal change independent of amyloid status among community-dwelling, ethnicity diverse cognitively normal individuals, supporting the role of vascular diseases as risk factors for later-life dementia.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Li, Muzi; Liu, Sibei; D'Arcy, Carl; Gao, Tingting; Meng, Xiangfei
Interactions of childhood maltreatment and genetic variations in adult depression: A systematic review Journal Article
In: J Affect Disord, vol. 276, pp. 119–136, 2020, ISSN: 1573-2517.
@article{pmid32697690,
title = {Interactions of childhood maltreatment and genetic variations in adult depression: A systematic review},
author = {Muzi Li and Sibei Liu and Carl D'Arcy and Tingting Gao and Xiangfei Meng},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.06.055},
issn = {1573-2517},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {J Affect Disord},
volume = {276},
pages = {119--136},
abstract = {Background Childhood maltreatment (CM) significantly increases the risk of adulthood psychopathology. Interplay between susceptible genetic variations and CM contributes to the occurrence of depression. This review aims to systematically synthesize the relationships between genetic variations and depression among those exposed to CM. Methods Electronic databases and gray literature to March 31st, 2020 were searched for literature on the topic of depression and CM limited to English-language. Data extraction and quality assessment of key study characteristics were conducted. Qualitative approaches were used to synthesize the findings. Results The initial search resulted in 9185 articles. A total of 29 articles that met the eligibility criteria were included in this review. High heterogeneity was identified regarding the study sample ages, candidate genes and SNPs, the categorization of CM and depression. The findings of this review include several frequently studied genes (5-HTTLPR, CRHR1, BDNF, CREB1, FKBP5, IL1B, NTRK2, and OXTR). Both consistent and inconsistent findings were identified. Overall, the interplay of CM with CREB1-rs2253206 significantly increased the risk of depression. In contrast, CRHR1-TCA haplotype (rs7209436, rs4792887, rs110402), CRHR1-rs17689882, and CRHR1-rs110402 showed protective effects on depression and depressive symptoms among individuals with a history of maltreatment. Limitations Due to clinical and methodological diversity of the studies a qualitative approach was used. Conclusion This review firstly provides a comprehensive overview of the interplay between CM and genetic variations in adult depression. Future etiological explorations should focus on the above-identified genes for down-stream exploration and address the issues and challenges of gene by environment studies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Booij, Linda; Steiger, Howard
Applying epigenetic science to the understanding of eating disorders: a promising paradigm for research and practice Journal Article
In: Curr Opin Psychiatry, vol. 33, no. 6, pp. 515–520, 2020, ISSN: 1473-6578.
@article{pmid32576735,
title = {Applying epigenetic science to the understanding of eating disorders: a promising paradigm for research and practice},
author = {Linda Booij and Howard Steiger},
doi = {10.1097/YCO.0000000000000632},
issn = {1473-6578},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-11-01},
journal = {Curr Opin Psychiatry},
volume = {33},
number = {6},
pages = {515--520},
abstract = {PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Studies indicate that environmental factors, acting at various moments throughout the life cycle, can result in epigenetically mediated alterations in gene expression. In this article, we review recent findings on the role of epigenetic factors in eating disorders, address methodological issues that need to be considered when interpreting research findings, and comment on possible clinical applications.nnRECENT FINDINGS: Evidence suggests that eating disorders implicate alterations of methylation in genes involved in the mental status, metabolism, anthropometric features and immunity. Furthermore, some research in individuals with anorexia nervosa suggests the presence of reversible, malnutrition-induced epigenetic alterations that 'reset' as patients recover.nnSUMMARY: Epigenetic studies in the eating disorders corroborate the idea that eating disorder cause is multifactorial, and identify markers that could help inform our understanding of illness staging and subtyping that may explain the commonly progressive course of these disorders, and that may provide insights towards the development of novel interventions. Already, there is evidence to suggest that, in people with eating disorders, epigenetically informed interventions help reduce stigma and shame, and increase self-acceptance and hopes of recovery. Although findings are intriguing, further research is required as, to date, studies apply modest sample sizes and disparate methodologies.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Lal, Shalini; Gleeson, John; Rivard, Lysanne; D'Alfonso, Simon; Joober, Ridha; Malla, Ashok; Alvarez-Jimenez, Mario
In: JMIR Form Res, vol. 4, no. 10, pp. e19887, 2020, ISSN: 2561-326X.
@article{pmid33118945,
title = {Adaptation of a Digital Health Innovation to Prevent Relapse and Support Recovery in Youth Receiving Services for First-Episode Psychosis: Results From the Horyzons-Canada Phase 1 Study},
author = {Shalini Lal and John Gleeson and Lysanne Rivard and Simon D'Alfonso and Ridha Joober and Ashok Malla and Mario Alvarez-Jimenez},
doi = {10.2196/19887},
issn = {2561-326X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {JMIR Form Res},
volume = {4},
number = {10},
pages = {e19887},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Developing a digital health innovation can require a substantial amount of financial and human resource investment before it can be scaled for implementation across geographical, cultural, and health care contexts. As such, there is an increased interest in leveraging eHealth innovations developed and tested in one country or jurisdiction and using these innovations in local settings. However, limited knowledge exists on the processes needed to appropriately adapt digital health innovations to optimize their transferability across geographical, cultural, and contextual settings.nnOBJECTIVE: We report on the results of an adaptation study of Horyzons, a digital health innovation originally developed and tested in Australia. Horyzons is designed to prevent relapses and support recovery in young people receiving services for first-episode psychosis (FEP). The aim of this study is to assess the initial acceptability of Horyzons and adapt it in preparation for pilot testing in Canada.nnMETHODS: This research took place in 2 specialized early intervention clinics for FEP, located in 1 urban and 1 urban-rural setting, in 2 Canadian provinces. A total of 26 participants were recruited: 15 clinicians (age range 26-56 years) and 11 patients (age range 19-37 years). Following the digital health adaptation framework developed by our team, we used a mixed methods approach, combining descriptive quantitative and qualitative methods across 3 stages of data collection (focus groups, interviews, and consultations), analysis, and adaptations.nnRESULTS: Overall, patients and clinicians appreciated the strengths-based approach and social media features of Horyzons. However, participants expressed concerns related to implementation, especially in relation to capacity (eg, site moderation, crisis management, internet speed in rural locations). They also provided suggestions for adapting content and features, for example, in relation to community resources, volume of text, universal accessibility (eg, for individuals with limitations in vision), and optimization of platform accessibility through mobile devices. Additional aspects of the innovation were flagged for adaptation during the final stages of preparing it for live implementation. These included terms of use, time zone configuration to reflect local time and date, safety and moderation protocols, the need help now feature, and the list of trigger words to flag posts indicative of potential risk.nnCONCLUSIONS: In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health guidelines for social distancing, there is an increasing interest and need to leverage the internet and mobile technologies for delivering youth mental health services. As countries look to one another for guidance on how to navigate changing social dynamics, knowledge on how to utilize and adapt existing innovations across contexts is now more important than ever. Using a systematic approach, this study illustrates the methods, processes, results, and lessons learned on adapting a digital health innovation to enhance its local acceptability.nnINTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID): RR2-10.2196/resprot.8810.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Tomasone, Jennifer R; Flood, Stephanie M; Latimer-Cheung, Amy E; Faulkner, Guy; Duggan, Mary; Jones, Rebecca; Lane, Kirstin N; Bevington, Frances; Carrier, Julie; Dolf, Matt; Doucette, Kevin; Faught, Emma; Gierc, Madelaine; Giouridis, Nicole; Gruber, Reut; Johnston, Nora; Kauffeldt, Kaitlyn D; Kennedy, William; Lorbergs, Amanda; Maclaren, Kaleigh; Ross, Robert; Tytler, Kim; Walters, Alexandra J; Welsh, Frank; Brouwers, Melissa C
In: Appl Physiol Nutr Metab, vol. 45, no. 10 (Suppl. 2), pp. S103–S124, 2020, ISSN: 1715-5320.
@article{pmid33054331,
title = {Knowledge translation of the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18-64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older: a collaborative movement guideline knowledge translation process},
author = {Jennifer R Tomasone and Stephanie M Flood and Amy E Latimer-Cheung and Guy Faulkner and Mary Duggan and Rebecca Jones and Kirstin N Lane and Frances Bevington and Julie Carrier and Matt Dolf and Kevin Doucette and Emma Faught and Madelaine Gierc and Nicole Giouridis and Reut Gruber and Nora Johnston and Kaitlyn D Kauffeldt and William Kennedy and Amanda Lorbergs and Kaleigh Maclaren and Robert Ross and Kim Tytler and Alexandra J Walters and Frank Welsh and Melissa C Brouwers},
doi = {10.1139/apnm-2020-0601},
issn = {1715-5320},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Appl Physiol Nutr Metab},
volume = {45},
number = {10 (Suppl. 2)},
pages = {S103--S124},
abstract = {Establishing a step-by-step process that provides practitioners with a blueprint for translating movement guidelines into action stands to optimize the investment in guideline development, improve guideline promotion and uptake, and ultimately enhance population health. The purpose of this paper is to describe how the Knowledge-to-Action framework and integrated knowledge translation were operationalized to systematically inform our knowledge translation (KT) efforts for the Canadian 24-Hour Movement Guidelines for Adults aged 18-64 years and Adults aged 65 years or older. In October 2018, the need for a KT Process, operating in tandem with the Guideline Development Process, led to the establishment of a KT team with a specific structure and terms of reference. The KT team collaboratively agreed on decision-making principles prior to selecting target audiences to focus their efforts. We undertook formative research to assess the local context and determinants of guideline dissemination and implementation efforts among target audiences. Plans for the subsequent steps and research are outlined. We highlight recommendations and lessons learned for applying the process in other settings. We outline a collaborative and systematic process and research program for the knowledge translation of movement guidelines. This paper provides an innovative and replicable blueprint to optimize future movement guideline knowledge translation efforts.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Guadagno, Angela; Verlezza, Silvanna; Long, Hong; Wong, Tak Pan; Walker, Claire-Dominique
In: J Neurosci, vol. 40, no. 43, pp. 8276–8291, 2020, ISSN: 1529-2401.
@article{pmid32978287,
title = {It Is All in the Right Amygdala: Increased Synaptic Plasticity and Perineuronal Nets in Male, But Not Female, Juvenile Rat Pups after Exposure to Early-Life Stress},
author = {Angela Guadagno and Silvanna Verlezza and Hong Long and Tak Pan Wong and Claire-Dominique Walker},
doi = {10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1029-20.2020},
issn = {1529-2401},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {J Neurosci},
volume = {40},
number = {43},
pages = {8276--8291},
abstract = {Early-life stress (ELS) is associated with increased vulnerability to mental disorders. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) plays a critical role in fear conditioning and is extremely sensitive to ELS. Using a naturalistic rodent model of ELS, the limited bedding paradigm (LB) between postnatal days 1-10, we previously documented that LB male, but not female preweaning rat pups display increased BLA neuron spine density paralleled with enhanced evoked synaptic responses and altered BLA functional connectivity. Since ELS effects are often sexually dimorphic and amygdala processes exhibit hemispheric asymmetry, we investigated changes in synaptic plasticity and neuronal excitability of BLA neurons in the left and right amygdala of postnatal days 22-28 male and female offspring from normal bedding or LB mothers. We report that LB conditions enhanced synaptic plasticity in the right, but not the left BLA of males exclusively. LB males also showed increased perineuronal net density, particularly around parvalbumin (PV) cells, and impaired fear-induced activity of PV interneurons only in the right BLA. Action potentials fired from right BLA neurons of LB females displayed slower maximal depolarization rates and decreased amplitudes compared with normal bedding females, concomitant with reduced NMDAR GluN1 subunit expression in the right BLA. In LB males, reduced GluA2 expression in the right BLA might contribute to the enhanced LTP. These findings suggest that LB differentially programs synaptic plasticity and PV/perineuronal net development in the left and right BLA. Furthermore, our study demonstrates that the effects of ELS exposure on BLA synaptic function are sexually dimorphic and possibly recruiting different mechanisms. Early-life stress (ELS) induces long-lasting consequences on stress responses and emotional regulation in humans, increasing vulnerability to the development of psychopathologies. The effects of ELS in a number of brain regions, including the amygdala, are often sexually dimorphic, and have been reproduced using the rodent limited bedding paradigm of early adversity. The present study examines sex differences in synaptic plasticity and cellular activation occurring in the developing left and right amygdala after limited bedding exposure, a phenomenon that could shape long-term emotional behavioral outcomes. Studying how ELS selectively produces effects in one amygdala hemisphere during a critical period of brain development could guide further investigation into sex-dependent mechanisms and allow for more targeted and improved treatment of stress-and emotionality-related disorders.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Ibrahim, Karim S; Abd-Elrahman, Khaled S; Mestikawy, Salah El; Ferguson, Stephen S G
Targeting Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Machinery: Implications on Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Signaling and Behavior Journal Article
In: Mol Pharmacol, vol. 98, no. 4, pp. 314–327, 2020, ISSN: 1521-0111.
@article{pmid32873747,
title = {Targeting Vesicular Glutamate Transporter Machinery: Implications on Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 Signaling and Behavior},
author = {Karim S Ibrahim and Khaled S Abd-Elrahman and Salah El Mestikawy and Stephen S G Ferguson},
doi = {10.1124/molpharm.120.000089},
issn = {1521-0111},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Mol Pharmacol},
volume = {98},
number = {4},
pages = {314--327},
abstract = {Cross talk between both pre- and postsynaptic components of glutamatergic neurotransmission plays a crucial role in orchestrating a multitude of brain functions, including synaptic plasticity and motor planning. Metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 5 exhibits promising therapeutic potential for many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders as a consequence of its modulatory control over diverse neuronal networks required for memory, motor coordination, neuronal survival, and differentiation. Given these crucial roles, mGluR5 signaling is under the tight control of glutamate release machinery mediated through vesicular glutamate transporters (VGLUTs) that ultimately dictate glutamatergic output. A particular VGLUT isoform, VGLUT3, exhibits an overlapping, but unique, distribution with mGluR5, and the dynamic cross talk between mGluR5 and VGLUT3 is key for the function of specific neuronal networks involved in motor coordination, emotions, and cognition. Thus, aberrant signaling of the VGLUT3-mGluR5 axis is linked to various pathologies including, but not limited to, Parkinson disease, anxiety disorders, and drug addiction. We argue that a comprehensive profiling of how coordinated VGLUT3-mGluR5 signaling influences overall glutamatergic neurotransmission is warranted. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Vesicular glutamate receptor (VGLUT) 3 machinery orchestrates glutamate release, and its distribution overlaps with metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 5 in regional brain circuitries, including striatum, hippocampus, and raphe nucleus. Therefore, VGLUT3-mGluR5 cross talk can significantly influence both physiologic and pathophysiologic glutamatergic neurotransmission. Pathological signaling of the VGLUT3-mGluR5 axis is linked to Parkinson disease, anxiety disorders, and drug addiction. However, it is also predicted to contribute to other motor and cognitive disorders.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Silveira, Patrícia Pelufo
Using advanced genomics to bring behavior to the table Journal Article
In: Am J Clin Nutr, vol. 112, no. 4, pp. 913–914, 2020, ISSN: 1938-3207.
@article{pmid32860405,
title = {Using advanced genomics to bring behavior to the table},
author = {Patrícia Pelufo Silveira},
doi = {10.1093/ajcn/nqaa234},
issn = {1938-3207},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Am J Clin Nutr},
volume = {112},
number = {4},
pages = {913--914},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Latimer, Eric A; Rabouin, Daniel; Cao, Zhirong; Ly, Angela; Powell, Guido; Aubry, Tim; Distasio, Jino; Hwang, Stephen W; Somers, Julian M; Bayoumi, Ahmed M; Mitton, Craig; Moodie, Erica E M; and, Paula N Goering
Cost-Effectiveness of Housing First With Assertive Community Treatment: Results From the Canadian At Home/Chez Soi Trial Journal Article
In: Psychiatr Serv, vol. 71, no. 10, pp. 1020–1030, 2020, ISSN: 1557-9700.
@article{pmid32838679,
title = {Cost-Effectiveness of Housing First With Assertive Community Treatment: Results From the Canadian At Home/Chez Soi Trial},
author = {Eric A Latimer and Daniel Rabouin and Zhirong Cao and Angela Ly and Guido Powell and Tim Aubry and Jino Distasio and Stephen W Hwang and Julian M Somers and Ahmed M Bayoumi and Craig Mitton and Erica E M Moodie and Paula N Goering and },
doi = {10.1176/appi.ps.202000029},
issn = {1557-9700},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Psychiatr Serv},
volume = {71},
number = {10},
pages = {1020--1030},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: The At Home/Chez Soi trial for homeless individuals with mental illness showed scattered-site Housing First with Assertive Community Treatment (ACT) to be more effective than treatment as usual. This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of Housing First with ACT and treatment as usual.nnMETHODS: Between October 2009 and June 2011, a total of 950 homeless individuals with serious mental illness were recruited in five Canadian cities: Vancouver, Winnipeg, Toronto, Montreal, and Moncton. Participants were randomly assigned to Housing First (N=469) or treatment as usual (N=481) and followed up for up to 24 months. The intervention consisted of scattered-site Housing First, using rent supplements, with ACT. The treatment-as-usual group had access to all other services. The perspective of society was adopted for the cost-effectiveness analysis. Days of stable housing served as the outcome measure. Retrospective questionnaires captured service use data.nnRESULTS: Most (69%) of the costs of the intervention were offset by savings in other costs, such as emergency shelters, reducing the net annual cost of the intervention to about Can$6,311 per person. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was Can$41.73 per day of stable housing (95% confidence interval=Can$1.96-$83.70). At up to Can$60 per day, Housing First had more than an 80% chance of being cost-effective, compared with treatment as usual. Cost-effectiveness did not vary by participant characteristics.nnCONCLUSIONS: Housing First with ACT appeared about as cost-effective as Housing First with intensive case management for people with moderate needs. The optimal mix between the two remains to be determined.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Schmitz, Norbert; Holley, Paul; Meng, Xiangfei; Fish, Laura; Jedwab, Jack
COVID-19 and Depressive Symptoms: A Community-based Study in Quebec, Canada Miscellaneous
2020, ISSN: 1497-0015.
@misc{pmid32700546,
title = {COVID-19 and Depressive Symptoms: A Community-based Study in Quebec, Canada},
author = {Norbert Schmitz and Paul Holley and Xiangfei Meng and Laura Fish and Jack Jedwab},
doi = {10.1177/0706743720943812},
issn = {1497-0015},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Can J Psychiatry},
volume = {65},
number = {10},
pages = {733--735},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Torres-Berrío, Angélica; Hernandez, Giovanni; Nestler, Eric J; Flores, Cecilia
The Netrin-1/DCC Guidance Cue Pathway as a Molecular Target in Depression: Translational Evidence Journal Article
In: Biol Psychiatry, vol. 88, no. 8, pp. 611–624, 2020, ISSN: 1873-2402.
@article{pmid32593422,
title = {The Netrin-1/DCC Guidance Cue Pathway as a Molecular Target in Depression: Translational Evidence},
author = {Angélica Torres-Berrío and Giovanni Hernandez and Eric J Nestler and Cecilia Flores},
doi = {10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.04.025},
issn = {1873-2402},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Biol Psychiatry},
volume = {88},
number = {8},
pages = {611--624},
abstract = {The Netrin-1/DCC guidance cue pathway plays a critical role in guiding growing axons toward the prefrontal cortex during adolescence and in the maturational organization and adult plasticity of prefrontal cortex connectivity. In this review, we put forward the idea that alterations in prefrontal cortex architecture and function, which are intrinsically linked to the development of major depressive disorder, originate in part from the dysregulation of the Netrin-1/DCC pathway by a mechanism that involves microRNA-218. We discuss evidence derived from mouse models of stress and from human postmortem brain and genome-wide association studies indicating an association between the Netrin-1/DCC pathway and major depressive disorder. We propose a potential role of circulating microRNA-218 as a biomarker of stress vulnerability and major depressive disorder.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Makowski, Carolina; Lewis, John D; Khundrakpam, Budhachandra; Tardif, Christine L; Palaniyappan, Lena; Joober, Ridha; Malla, Ashok; Shah, Jai L; Bodnar, Michael; Chakravarty, M Mallar; Evans, Alan C; Lepage, Martin
Altered hippocampal centrality and dynamic anatomical covariance of intracortical microstructure in first episode psychosis Journal Article
In: Hippocampus, vol. 30, no. 10, pp. 1058–1072, 2020, ISSN: 1098-1063.
@article{pmid32485018,
title = {Altered hippocampal centrality and dynamic anatomical covariance of intracortical microstructure in first episode psychosis},
author = {Carolina Makowski and John D Lewis and Budhachandra Khundrakpam and Christine L Tardif and Lena Palaniyappan and Ridha Joober and Ashok Malla and Jai L Shah and Michael Bodnar and M Mallar Chakravarty and Alan C Evans and Martin Lepage},
doi = {10.1002/hipo.23215},
issn = {1098-1063},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Hippocampus},
volume = {30},
number = {10},
pages = {1058--1072},
abstract = {Hippocampal circuitry has been posited to be fundamental to positive symptoms in psychosis, but its contributions to other factors important for outcome remains unclear. We hypothesized that longitudinal changes in the hippocampal circuit and concomitant changes of intracortical microstructure are altered in first episode psychosis (FEP) patients and that such changes are associated with negative symptoms and verbal memory. Longitudinal brain scans (2-4 visits over 3-15 months) were acquired for 27 FEP and 29 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Quantitative T1 maps, sensitive to myelin content, were used to sample the microstructure of the hippocampal subfields and output circuitry (fimbria, alveus, fornix, mammillary bodies), and intracortical regions. Dynamic anatomical covariance in pair-wise regional trajectories were assessed for each subject, and graph theory was used to calculate a participation coefficient metric that quantifies the similarity/divergence between hippocampal and intracortical microstructure. The mean participation coefficient of the hippocampus was significantly reduced in FEP patients compared with controls, reflecting differences in output hippocampal regions. Importantly, lower participation coefficient of the hippocampal circuit was associated with worse negative symptoms, a relationship that was mediated by changes in verbal memory. This study provides evidence for reduced hippocampal centrality in FEP and concomitant changes in intracortical anatomy. Myelin-rich output regions of the hippocampus may be an important biological trigger in early psychosis, with cascading effects on broader cortical networks and resultant clinical profiles.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Rabin, Rachel A
Commentary on Walsh et al. (2020): Tobacco and cannabis co-use- considerations for treatment Journal Article
In: Addiction, vol. 115, no. 10, pp. 1815–1816, 2020, ISSN: 1360-0443.
@article{pmid32293768,
title = {Commentary on Walsh et al. (2020): Tobacco and cannabis co-use- considerations for treatment},
author = {Rachel A Rabin},
doi = {10.1111/add.15043},
issn = {1360-0443},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Addiction},
volume = {115},
number = {10},
pages = {1815--1816},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Wang, Huali; Li, Tao; Gauthier, Serge; Yu, Enyan; Tang, Yanqing; Barbarino, Paola; Yu, Xin
In: Int Psychogeriatr, vol. 32, no. 10, pp. 1117–1120, 2020, ISSN: 1741-203X.
@article{pmid32268928,
title = {Coronavirus epidemic and geriatric mental healthcare in China: how a coordinated response by professional organizations helped older adults during an unprecedented crisis},
author = {Huali Wang and Tao Li and Serge Gauthier and Enyan Yu and Yanqing Tang and Paola Barbarino and Xin Yu},
doi = {10.1017/S1041610220000551},
issn = {1741-203X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Int Psychogeriatr},
volume = {32},
number = {10},
pages = {1117--1120},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Erlangsen, Annette; Appadurai, Vivek; Wang, Yunpeng; Turecki, Gustavo; Mors, Ole; Werge, Thomas; Mortensen, Preben B; Starnawska, Anna; Børglum, Anders D; Schork, Andrew; Nudel, Ron; Bækvad-Hansen, Marie; Bybjerg-Grauholm, Jonas; Hougaard, David M; Thompson, Wesley K; Nordentoft, Merete; Agerbo, Esben
Genetics of suicide attempts in individuals with and without mental disorders: a population-based genome-wide association study Journal Article
In: Mol Psychiatry, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 2410–2421, 2020, ISSN: 1476-5578.
@article{pmid30116032,
title = {Genetics of suicide attempts in individuals with and without mental disorders: a population-based genome-wide association study},
author = {Annette Erlangsen and Vivek Appadurai and Yunpeng Wang and Gustavo Turecki and Ole Mors and Thomas Werge and Preben B Mortensen and Anna Starnawska and Anders D Børglum and Andrew Schork and Ron Nudel and Marie Bækvad-Hansen and Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm and David M Hougaard and Wesley K Thompson and Merete Nordentoft and Esben Agerbo},
doi = {10.1038/s41380-018-0218-y},
issn = {1476-5578},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Mol Psychiatry},
volume = {25},
number = {10},
pages = {2410--2421},
abstract = {Family studies have shown an aggregation of suicidal behavior in families. Yet, molecular studies are needed to identify loci accounting for genetic heritability. We conducted a genome-wide association study and estimated single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) heritability for a suicide attempt. In a case-cohort study, national data on all individuals born in Denmark after 1981 and diagnosed with severe mental disorders prior to 2013 (n = 57,377) and individuals from the general population (n = 30,000) were obtained. After quality control, the sample consisted of 6024 cases with an incidence of suicide attempt and 44,240 controls with no record of a suicide attempt. Suggestive associations between SNPs, rs6880062 (p-value: 5.4 × 10) and rs6880461 (p-value: 9.5 × 10), and suicide attempt were identified when adjusting for socio-demographics. Adjusting for mental disorders, three significant associations, all on chromosome 20, were identified: rs4809706 (p-value: 2.8 × 10), rs4810824 (p-value: 3.5 × 10), and rs6019297 (p-value: 4.7 × 10). Sub-group analysis of cases with affective disorders revealed SNPs associated with suicide attempts when compared to the general population for gene PDE4B. All SNPs explained 4.6% [CI-95: 2.9-6.3%] of the variation in suicide attempt. Controlling for mental disorders reduced the heritability to 1.9% [CI-95: 0.3-3.5%]. Affective and autism spectrum disorders exhibited a SNP heritability of 5.6% [CI-95: 1.9-9.3%] and 9.6% [CI-95: 1.1-18.1%], respectively. Using the largest sample to date, we identified significant SNP associations with suicide attempts and support for a genetic transmission of suicide attempt, which might not solely be explained by mental disorders.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
den Bergh, Bea R H Van; van den Heuvel, Marion I; Lahti, Marius; Braeken, Marijke; de Rooij, Susanne R; Entringer, Sonja; Hoyer, Dirk; Roseboom, Tessa; Räikkönen, Katri; King, Suzanne; Schwab, Matthias
Prenatal developmental origins of behavior and mental health: The influence of maternal stress in pregnancy Journal Article
In: Neurosci Biobehav Rev, vol. 117, pp. 26–64, 2020, ISSN: 1873-7528.
@article{pmid28757456,
title = {Prenatal developmental origins of behavior and mental health: The influence of maternal stress in pregnancy},
author = {Bea R H Van den Bergh and Marion I van den Heuvel and Marius Lahti and Marijke Braeken and Susanne R de Rooij and Sonja Entringer and Dirk Hoyer and Tessa Roseboom and Katri Räikkönen and Suzanne King and Matthias Schwab},
doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2017.07.003},
issn = {1873-7528},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev},
volume = {117},
pages = {26--64},
abstract = {Accumulating research shows that prenatal exposure to maternal stress increases the risk for behavioral and mental health problems later in life. This review systematically analyzes the available human studies to identify harmful stressors, vulnerable periods during pregnancy, specificities in the outcome and biological correlates of the relation between maternal stress and offspring outcome. Effects of maternal stress on offspring neurodevelopment, cognitive development, negative affectivity, difficult temperament and psychiatric disorders are shown in numerous epidemiological and case-control studies. Offspring of both sexes are susceptible to prenatal stress but effects differ. There is not any specific vulnerable period of gestation; prenatal stress effects vary for different gestational ages possibly depending on the developmental stage of specific brain areas and circuits, stress system and immune system. Biological correlates in the prenatally stressed offspring are: aberrations in neurodevelopment, neurocognitive function, cerebral processing, functional and structural brain connectivity involving amygdalae and (pre)frontal cortex, changes in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and autonomous nervous system.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jafari, Zahra; Kolb, Bryan E; Mohajerani, Majid H
In: Neurosci Biobehav Rev, vol. 117, pp. 110–128, 2020, ISSN: 1873-7528.
@article{pmid30978359,
title = {Noise exposure accelerates the risk of cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease: Adulthood, gestational, and prenatal mechanistic evidence from animal studies},
author = {Zahra Jafari and Bryan E Kolb and Majid H Mohajerani},
doi = {10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.04.001},
issn = {1873-7528},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-10-01},
journal = {Neurosci Biobehav Rev},
volume = {117},
pages = {110--128},
abstract = {This review examines the adverse impacts of different noise exposure paradigms on the neuroendocrine system, hippocampal and neocortical structures, cognitive performances, and the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD)-like neuropathological changes in the brain of laboratory animals. Studies were reviewed in three periods during the lifespan including: adult animals exposed to noise, female rodents exposed to noise during gestation, and offspring exposed to noise during the prenatal period. Findings imply that chronic noise exposure dysregulates the neuroendocrine system leading to hyperactivation of the sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system (i.e., the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis), and increases stress hormones that affect brain and behaviour. Enduring dysregulation of the HPA-axis was the most discussed mechanism for the harmful effect of noise during the lifespan. Studies also suggest a causative association of noise with diverse indicators of the AD-like neuropathology in rodents and a hypersusceptibility in females. The results indicate the importance of future neuroimaging studies to quantify the potential contribution of noise in predisposing cognitive decline and preclinical signs of dementia in humans.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Germann, Jürgen; Gouveia, Flavia Venetucci; Martinez, Raquel C R; Zanetti, Marcus Vinicius; de Souza Duran, Fábio Luís; Chaim-Avancini, Tiffany M; Serpa, Mauricio H; Chakravarty, M Mallar; Devenyi, Gabriel A
In: Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging, vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 923–929, 2020, ISSN: 2451-9030.
@article{pmid32222276,
title = {Fully Automated Habenula Segmentation Provides Robust and Reliable Volume Estimation Across Large Magnetic Resonance Imaging Datasets, Suggesting Intriguing Developmental Trajectories in Psychiatric Disease},
author = {Jürgen Germann and Flavia Venetucci Gouveia and Raquel C R Martinez and Marcus Vinicius Zanetti and Fábio Luís de Souza Duran and Tiffany M Chaim-Avancini and Mauricio H Serpa and M Mallar Chakravarty and Gabriel A Devenyi},
doi = {10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.01.004},
issn = {2451-9030},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Biol Psychiatry Cogn Neurosci Neuroimaging},
volume = {5},
number = {9},
pages = {923--929},
abstract = {Studies of habenula (Hb) function and structure provided evidence of its involvement in psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Previous studies using magnetic resonance imaging (manual/semiautomated segmentation) have reported conflicting results. Aiming to improve Hb segmentation reliability and the study of large datasets, we describe a fully automated protocol that was validated against manual segmentations and applied to 3 datasets (childhood/adolescence and adult bipolar disorder and schizophrenia). It achieved reliable Hb segmentation, providing robust volume estimations across a large age range and varying image acquisition parameters. Applying it to clinically relevant datasets, we found smaller Hb volumes in the adult bipolar disorder dataset and larger volumes in the adult schizophrenia dataset compared with healthy control subjects. There are indications that Hb volume in both groups shows deviating developmental trajectories early in life. This technique sets a precedent for future studies, as it allows for fast and reliable Hb segmentation and will be publicly available.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Perreault, Michel; Power, Niamh; Touré, El Hadj; Caron, Jean
Transitional Employment and Psychological Distress: a Longitudinal Study Journal Article
In: Psychiatr Q, vol. 91, no. 3, pp. 735–747, 2020, ISSN: 1573-6709.
@article{pmid32215847,
title = {Transitional Employment and Psychological Distress: a Longitudinal Study},
author = {Michel Perreault and Niamh Power and El Hadj Touré and Jean Caron},
doi = {10.1007/s11126-020-09739-0},
issn = {1573-6709},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Psychiatr Q},
volume = {91},
number = {3},
pages = {735--747},
abstract = {Although it has been established that employed status is generally associated with better mental health than unemployed status, the psychological mechanisms that underlie the longitudinal association between employment status and psychological distress remain to be understood. Initial mental health, lower coping skills and social support, and more stressful events could potentially preselect certain vulnerable individuals to be at higher risk for unemployment or employment instability. The aim of this study was to examine the longitudinal association between employment status (including transitional employment status) and psychological distress, controlling for the effect of initial psychological distress, coping skills, social support, and stressful events. In 2009, residents from the epidemiological catchment area of south-west Montréal responded to a randomized household survey for adults. Follow-up surveys were conducted in 2011 and 2013 (n = 1168). Psychological distress was measured using the K-10 scale. Employment status was not significantly associated with psychological distress over time, however there were significant differences between the groups with the continually employed reporting the lowest average levels of psychological distress over time. Controlling for coping skills, social support, stressful events and initial psychological distress changed the strengths of the association between transitional employment status and psychological distress at follow-up. A significant longitudinal association between continual unemployment and psychological distress was observed. Initial psychological distress was significantly associated with becoming unemployed. Results suggest initial psychological distress as a risk factor for becoming unemployed and that the negative psychological implications of employment transitions can be significantly reduced when conditions for coping are optimized.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Linnaranta, Outi; Bourguignon, Clément; Crescenzi, Olivia; Sibthorpe, Duncan; Buyukkurt, Asli; Steiger, Howard; Storch, Kai-Florian
Late and Instable Sleep Phasing is Associated With Irregular Eating Patterns in Eating Disorders Journal Article
In: Ann Behav Med, vol. 54, no. 9, pp. 680–690, 2020, ISSN: 1532-4796.
@article{pmid32211873,
title = {Late and Instable Sleep Phasing is Associated With Irregular Eating Patterns in Eating Disorders},
author = {Outi Linnaranta and Clément Bourguignon and Olivia Crescenzi and Duncan Sibthorpe and Asli Buyukkurt and Howard Steiger and Kai-Florian Storch},
doi = {10.1093/abm/kaaa012},
issn = {1532-4796},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Ann Behav Med},
volume = {54},
number = {9},
pages = {680--690},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Sleep problems are common in eating disorders (EDs).nnPURPOSE: We evaluated whether sleep-phasing regularity associates with the regularity of daily eating events.nnMETHODS: ED patients (n = 29) completed hourly charts of mood and eating occasions for 2 weeks. Locomotor activity was recorded continuously by wrist actigraphy for a minimum of 10 days, and sleep was calculated based on periods of inactivity. We computed the center of daily inactivity (CenDI) as a measure of sleep phasing and consolidation of the daily inactivity (ConDI) as a measure of daily sleep rhythm strength. We assessed interday irregularities in the temporal structure of food intake using the standard deviation (SD) of frequency (IFRQ), timing (ITIM), and interval (IINT) of food intake. A self-evaluation of other characteristics included mood, anxiety, and early trauma.nnRESULTS: A later phasing of sleep associated with a lower frequency of eating (eating frequency with the CenDI rho = -0.49, p = .007). The phasing and rhythmic strength of sleep correlated with the degree of eating irregularity (CenDI with ITIM rho = 0.48, p = .008 and with IINT rho = 0.56, p = .002; SD of CenDI with ITIM rho = 0.47, p = .010, and SD of ConDI with IINT rho = 0.37, p = .048). Childhood Trauma Questionnaire showed associations with variation of sleep onset (rho = -0.51, p = .005) and with IFRQ (rho = 0.43, p = .023).nnCONCLUSIONS: Late and variable phasing of sleep associated robustly with irregular pattern of eating. Larger data sets are warranted to enable the analysis of diagnostic subgroups, current medication, and current symptomatology and to confirm the likely bidirectional association between eating pattern stability and the timing of sleep.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jacobacci, Florencia; Jovicich, Jorge; Lerner, Gonzalo; Amaro, Edson; Armony, Jorge L; Doyon, Julien; Della-Maggiore, Valeria
Improving Spatial Normalization of Brain Diffusion MRI to Measure Longitudinal Changes of Tissue Microstructure in the Cortex and White Matter Journal Article
In: J Magn Reson Imaging, vol. 52, no. 3, pp. 766–775, 2020, ISSN: 1522-2586.
@article{pmid32061044,
title = {Improving Spatial Normalization of Brain Diffusion MRI to Measure Longitudinal Changes of Tissue Microstructure in the Cortex and White Matter},
author = {Florencia Jacobacci and Jorge Jovicich and Gonzalo Lerner and Edson Amaro and Jorge L Armony and Julien Doyon and Valeria Della-Maggiore},
doi = {10.1002/jmri.27092},
issn = {1522-2586},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {J Magn Reson Imaging},
volume = {52},
number = {3},
pages = {766--775},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD) are frequently used to evaluate longitudinal changes in white matter (WM) microstructure. Recently, there has been a growing interest in identifying experience-dependent plasticity in gray matter using MD. Improving registration has thus become a major goal to enhance the detection of subtle longitudinal changes in cortical microstructure.nnPURPOSE: To optimize normalization of diffusion tensor images (DTI) to improve registration in gray matter and reduce variability associated with multisession registrations.nnSTUDY TYPE: Prospective longitudinal study.nnSUBJECTS: Twenty-one healthy subjects (18-31 years old) underwent nine MRI scanning sessions each.nnFIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE: 3.0T, diffusion-weighted multiband-accelerated sequence, MP2RAGE sequence.nnASSESSMENT: Diffusion-weighted images were registered to standard space using different pipelines that varied in the features used for normalization, namely, the nonlinear registration algorithm (FSL vs. ANTs), the registration target (FA-based vs. T -based templates), and the use of intermediate individual (FA-based or T -based) targets. We compared the across-session test-retest reproducibility error of these normalization approaches for FA and MD in white and gray matter.nnSTATISTICAL TESTS: Reproducibility errors were compared using a repeated-measures analysis of variance with pipeline as the within-subject factor.nnRESULTS: The registration of FA data to the FMRIB58 FA atlas using ANTs yielded lower reproducibility errors in white matter (P < 0.0001) with respect to FSL. Moreover, using the MNI152 T template as the target of registration resulted in lower reproducibility errors for MD (P < 0.0001), whereas the FMRIB58 FA template performed better for FA (P < 0.0001). Finally, the use of an intermediate individual template improved reproducibility when registration of the FA images to the MNI152 T was carried out within modality (FA-FA) (P < 0.05), but not via a T -based individual template.nnDATA CONCLUSION: A normalization approach using ANTs to register FA images to the MNI152 T template via an individual FA template minimized test-retest reproducibility errors both for gray and white matter.nnLEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY STAGE: 1 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2020;52:766-775.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Dehghani, Masoumeh; Zhang, Steven; Kumaragamage, Chathura; Rosa-Neto, Pedro; Near, Jamie
Dynamic H-MRS for detection of C-labeled glucose metabolism in the human brain at 3T Journal Article
In: Magn Reson Med, vol. 84, no. 3, pp. 1140–1151, 2020, ISSN: 1522-2594.
@article{pmid32003052,
title = {Dynamic H-MRS for detection of C-labeled glucose metabolism in the human brain at 3T},
author = {Masoumeh Dehghani and Steven Zhang and Chathura Kumaragamage and Pedro Rosa-Neto and Jamie Near},
doi = {10.1002/mrm.28188},
issn = {1522-2594},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Magn Reson Med},
volume = {84},
number = {3},
pages = {1140--1151},
abstract = {PURPOSE: In 2004, Boumezbeur et al proposed a simple yet powerful approach to detect the metabolism of C-enriched substrates in the brain. Their approach consisted of dynamic H-MRS, without a C radiofrequency (RF) channel, and its successful application was demonstrated in monkeys. Since then, this promising method has yet to be applied rigorously in humans. In this study, we revisit the use of dynamic H-MRS to measure the metabolism of C-enriched substrates and demonstrate its application in the human brain.nnMETHODS: In healthy participants, H-MRS data were acquired dynamically before and following a bolus infusion of [1- C] glucose. Data were acquired on a 3T clinical MRI scanner using a short-TE SPECIAL sequence, with regions of interest in both anterior and posterior cingulate cortex. Using simulated basis spectra to model signal changes in both C-bonded and C-coupled resonances, the acquired spectra were fit in LCModel to obtain labeling time courses for glutmate and glutamine at both C4 and C3 positions.nnRESULTS: Presence of the C label was clearly detectable, owing to the pronounced effect of heteronuclear ( C- H) scalar coupling on the observed H spectra. A decrease in signal from C-bonded protons and an increase in signal from C-coupled protons were observed. The fractional enrichment of Glu-C4, (Glu+Gln)-C4, and (Glu+Gln)-C3 at 30 minutes following infusion of [1- C] glucose was similar in both regions: 11% to 13%, 9% to 12% and 3% to 5%, respectively.nnCONCLUSION: These preliminary results confirm the feasibility of the use of dynamic H-MRS to monitor C labeling in the human brain, without a C RF channel.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McEwen, Lisa M; O'Donnell, Kieran J; McGill, Megan G; Edgar, Rachel D; Jones, Meaghan J; MacIsaac, Julia L; Lin, David Tse Shen; Ramadori, Katia; Morin, Alexander; Gladish, Nicole; Garg, Elika; Unternaehrer, Eva; Pokhvisneva, Irina; Karnani, Neerja; Kee, Michelle Z L; Klengel, Torsten; Adler, Nancy E; Barr, Ronald G; Letourneau, Nicole; Giesbrecht, Gerald F; Reynolds, James N; Czamara, Darina; Armstrong, Jeffrey M; Essex, Marilyn J; de Weerth, Carolina; Beijers, Roseriet; Tollenaar, Marieke S; Bradley, Bekh; Jovanovic, Tanja; Ressler, Kerry J; Steiner, Meir; Entringer, Sonja; Wadhwa, Pathik D; Buss, Claudia; Bush, Nicole R; Binder, Elisabeth B; Boyce, W Thomas; Meaney, Michael J; Horvath, Steve; Kobor, Michael S
The PedBE clock accurately estimates DNA methylation age in pediatric buccal cells Journal Article
In: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 117, no. 38, pp. 23329–23335, 2020, ISSN: 1091-6490.
@article{pmid31611402,
title = {The PedBE clock accurately estimates DNA methylation age in pediatric buccal cells},
author = {Lisa M McEwen and Kieran J O'Donnell and Megan G McGill and Rachel D Edgar and Meaghan J Jones and Julia L MacIsaac and David Tse Shen Lin and Katia Ramadori and Alexander Morin and Nicole Gladish and Elika Garg and Eva Unternaehrer and Irina Pokhvisneva and Neerja Karnani and Michelle Z L Kee and Torsten Klengel and Nancy E Adler and Ronald G Barr and Nicole Letourneau and Gerald F Giesbrecht and James N Reynolds and Darina Czamara and Jeffrey M Armstrong and Marilyn J Essex and Carolina de Weerth and Roseriet Beijers and Marieke S Tollenaar and Bekh Bradley and Tanja Jovanovic and Kerry J Ressler and Meir Steiner and Sonja Entringer and Pathik D Wadhwa and Claudia Buss and Nicole R Bush and Elisabeth B Binder and W Thomas Boyce and Michael J Meaney and Steve Horvath and Michael S Kobor},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1820843116},
issn = {1091-6490},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
volume = {117},
number = {38},
pages = {23329--23335},
abstract = {The development of biological markers of aging has primarily focused on adult samples. Epigenetic clocks are a promising tool for measuring biological age that show impressive accuracy across most tissues and age ranges. In adults, deviations from the DNA methylation (DNAm) age prediction are correlated with several age-related phenotypes, such as mortality and frailty. In children, however, fewer such associations have been made, possibly because DNAm changes are more dynamic in pediatric populations as compared to adults. To address this gap, we aimed to develop a highly accurate, noninvasive, biological measure of age specific to pediatric samples using buccal epithelial cell DNAm. We gathered 1,721 genome-wide DNAm profiles from 11 different cohorts of typically developing individuals aged 0 to 20 y old. Elastic net penalized regression was used to select 94 CpG sites from a training dataset ( = 1,032), with performance assessed in a separate test dataset ( = 689). DNAm at these 94 CpG sites was highly predictive of age in the test cohort (median absolute error = 0.35 y). The Pediatric-Buccal-Epigenetic (PedBE) clock was characterized in additional cohorts, showcasing the accuracy in longitudinal data, the performance in nonbuccal tissues and adult age ranges, and the association with obstetric outcomes. The PedBE tool for measuring biological age in children might help in understanding the environmental and contextual factors that shape the DNA methylome during child development, and how it, in turn, might relate to child health and disease.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Naghizadeh, Milad; Mohajerani, Majid H; Whishaw, Ian Q
Mouse Arm and hand movements in grooming are reaching movements: Evolution of reaching, handedness, and the thumbnail Journal Article
In: Behav Brain Res, vol. 393, pp. 112732, 2020, ISSN: 1872-7549.
@article{pmid32505659,
title = {Mouse Arm and hand movements in grooming are reaching movements: Evolution of reaching, handedness, and the thumbnail},
author = {Milad Naghizadeh and Majid H Mohajerani and Ian Q Whishaw},
doi = {10.1016/j.bbr.2020.112732},
issn = {1872-7549},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Behav Brain Res},
volume = {393},
pages = {112732},
abstract = {Grooming in the mouse features hand licking and symmetric and asymmetric arm and hand "strokes" over the face and body to maintain pelage. Grooming is syntactically organized but the structure of individualized movements of the arm, hand, and tongue have not been examined. Here spontaneous and water-induced grooming was video recorded in free-moving and head-fixed mice and subject to frame-by-frame video inspection and kinematic analysis using Physics Tracker. All groom arm and hand movements had a structure similar to that described for reach-to-eat movements. The movement included the hand lifting from the floor to supinate with the digits flexing and closed to a collect position, an aim position directed to a groom target, an advance to the target during which the fingers extend and open and the hand pronates, a grasp of a target on the snout, nose, or vibrissae, and a withdraw to the mouth where licking occurs, or a return to the starting position. This structure was present in individual unilateral forelimb groom strokes, in bilateral symmetric, or asymmetric groom strokes, and comprised the individuated components of a sequence of groom movements. Reach-to-groom movements could feature an ulnar adduction that positions the ulnar portion of the hand including and the thumb across the eye and nose, a movement that aids Hardarian fluid spreading. It is proposed that the mouse thumb nail is an anatomical feature that minimizes damage to the eye or nose that might be incurred by a claw. This analysis of the reach-to-groom movement provides insights into the flexibility of hand use in adaptive behavior, the evolution of skilled reaching movements, the neural control of reaching movements and the presence of the thumb nail in the mouse.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Burrer, Achim; Caravaggio, Fernando; Manoliu, Andrei; Plitman, Eric; Gütter, Karoline; Habermeyer, Benedikt; Stämpfli, Philipp; Abivardi, Aslan; Schmidt, André; Borgwardt, Stefan; Chakravarty, Mallar; Lepage, Martin; Dagher, Alain; Graff-Guerrero, Ariel; Seifritz, Erich; Kaiser, Stefan; Kirschner, Matthias
Apathy is not associated with reduced ventral striatal volume in patients with schizophrenia Journal Article
In: Schizophr Res, vol. 223, pp. 279–288, 2020, ISSN: 1573-2509.
@article{pmid32928618,
title = {Apathy is not associated with reduced ventral striatal volume in patients with schizophrenia},
author = {Achim Burrer and Fernando Caravaggio and Andrei Manoliu and Eric Plitman and Karoline Gütter and Benedikt Habermeyer and Philipp Stämpfli and Aslan Abivardi and André Schmidt and Stefan Borgwardt and Mallar Chakravarty and Martin Lepage and Alain Dagher and Ariel Graff-Guerrero and Erich Seifritz and Stefan Kaiser and Matthias Kirschner},
doi = {10.1016/j.schres.2020.08.018},
issn = {1573-2509},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Schizophr Res},
volume = {223},
pages = {279--288},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: A growing body of neuroimaging research has revealed a relationship between blunted activation of the ventral striatum (VS) and apathy in schizophrenia. In contrast, the association between reduced striatal volume and apathy is less well established, while the relationship between VS function and structure in patients with schizophrenia remains an open question. Here, we aimed to replicate previous structural findings in a larger independent sample and to investigate the relationship between VS hypoactivation and VS volume.nnMETHODS: We included brain structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from 60 patients with schizophrenia (SZ) that had shown an association of VS hypoactivation with apathy during reward anticipation and 58 healthy controls (HC). To improve replicability, we applied analytical methods employed in two previously published studies: Voxel-based morphometry and the Multiple Automatically Generated Templates (MAGeT) algorithm. VS and dorsal striatum (DS) volume were correlated with apathy correcting for age, gender and total brain volume. Additionally, left VS activity was correlated with left VS volume.nnRESULTS: We failed to replicate the association between apathy and reduced VS volume and did not find a correlation with DS volume. Functional and structural left VS measures exhibited a trend-level correlation (r = 0.248, p = 0.067, r = 0.06).nnCONCLUSIONS: Our present data suggests that functional and structural striatal neuroimaging correlates of apathy can occur independently. Replication of previous findings may have been limited by other factors (medication, illness duration, age) potentially related to striatal volume changes in SZ. Finally, associations between reward-related VS function and structure should be further explored.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gabet, Morgane; Grenier, Guy; Cao, Zhirong; Fleury, Marie-Josée
Implementation of three innovative interventions in a psychiatric emergency department aimed at improving service use: a mixed-method study Journal Article
In: BMC Health Serv Res, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 854, 2020, ISSN: 1472-6963.
@article{pmid32917199,
title = {Implementation of three innovative interventions in a psychiatric emergency department aimed at improving service use: a mixed-method study},
author = {Morgane Gabet and Guy Grenier and Zhirong Cao and Marie-Josée Fleury},
doi = {10.1186/s12913-020-05708-2},
issn = {1472-6963},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {BMC Health Serv Res},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {854},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Emergency department (ED) use is often viewed as an indicator of health system quality. ED use for mental health (MH) reasons is increasing and costly for health systems, patients, and their families. Patients with mental disorders (MD) including substance use disorders (SUD) and suicidal behaviors are high ED users. Improving ED services for these patients and their families, and developing alternatives to ED use are thus key issues. This study aimed to: (1) describe the implementation of three innovative interventions provided by a brief intervention team, crisis center team, and family-peer support team in a Quebec psychiatric ED, including the identification of implementation barriers, and (2) evaluate the impacts of these ED innovations on MH service use and response to needs.nnMETHOD: Using mixed methods with data triangulation, the implementation and impact of the three above-named ED interventions were studied. Quantitative data were collected from 101 participants (81 patients, 20 family members) using a user questionnaire and patient medical records. Qualitative data were gathered from focus groups (n = 3) with key intervention staff members (n = 14). The user questionnaire also included open-ended questions. Descriptive, comparative and content analyses were produced.nnRESULTS: Key implementation issues were identified in relation to system, organizational and patient profiles, similar to results identified in most studies in the ED implementation literature aimed at improving responsiveness to patients with MD. Results were encouraging, as the innovations had a significant impact for improved patient MH service use and adequacy of care. Services also seemed adapted to patient profiles. Family members were grateful for the help received in the ED.nnCONCLUSIONS: Before implementing innovations, managers need to recognize the basic issues common to all new healthcare interventions: the need for staff training and strong involvement, particularly among physicians, development of collaborative tools especially in cases of potential cultural clash between staff and organizations, and continuous quality assessment. Future research needs to confirm the pertinence of these interventions, especially use of family-peer support teams in ED, as a highly innovative intervention. Broader ED strategies could also be deployed to improve MH services and decrease ED use for MH reasons.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Jacobacci, Florencia; Armony, Jorge L; Yeffal, Abraham; Lerner, Gonzalo; Amaro, Edson; Jovicich, Jorge; Doyon, Julien; Della-Maggiore, Valeria
Rapid hippocampal plasticity supports motor sequence learning Journal Article
In: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 117, no. 38, pp. 23898–23903, 2020, ISSN: 1091-6490.
@article{pmid32900965,
title = {Rapid hippocampal plasticity supports motor sequence learning},
author = {Florencia Jacobacci and Jorge L Armony and Abraham Yeffal and Gonzalo Lerner and Edson Amaro and Jorge Jovicich and Julien Doyon and Valeria Della-Maggiore},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.2009576117},
issn = {1091-6490},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A},
volume = {117},
number = {38},
pages = {23898--23903},
abstract = {Recent evidence suggests that gains in performance observed while humans learn a novel motor sequence occur during the quiet rest periods interleaved with practice (micro-offline gains, MOGs). This phenomenon is reminiscent of memory replay observed in the hippocampus during spatial learning in rodents. Whether the hippocampus is also involved in the production of MOGs remains currently unknown. Using a multimodal approach in humans, here we show that activity in the hippocampus and the precuneus increases during the quiet rest periods and predicts the level of MOGs before asymptotic performance is achieved. These functional changes were followed by rapid alterations in brain microstructure in the order of minutes, suggesting that the same network that reactivates during the quiet periods of training undergoes structural plasticity. Our work points to the involvement of the hippocampal system in the reactivation of procedural memories.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Penzenstadler, Louise; Gentil, Lia; Grenier, Guy; Khazaal, Yasser; Fleury, Marie-Josée
Risk factors of hospitalization for any medical condition among patients with prior emergency department visits for mental health conditions Journal Article
In: BMC Psychiatry, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 431, 2020, ISSN: 1471-244X.
@article{pmid32883239,
title = {Risk factors of hospitalization for any medical condition among patients with prior emergency department visits for mental health conditions},
author = {Louise Penzenstadler and Lia Gentil and Guy Grenier and Yasser Khazaal and Marie-Josée Fleury},
doi = {10.1186/s12888-020-02835-2},
issn = {1471-244X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {431},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This longitudinal study identified risk factors for frequency of hospitalization among patients with any medical condition who had previously visited one of six Quebec (Canada) emergency departments (ED) at least once for mental health (MH) conditions as the primary diagnosis.nnMETHODS: Records of n = 11,367 patients were investigated using administrative databanks (2012-13/2014-15). Hospitalization rates in the 12 months after a first ED visit in 2014-15 were categorized as no hospitalizations (0 times), moderate hospitalizations (1-2 times), and frequent hospitalizations (3+ times). Based on the Andersen Behavioral Model, data on risk factors were gathered for the 2 years prior to the first visit in 2014-15, and were identified as predisposing, enabling or needs factors. They were tested using a hierarchical multinomial logistic regression according to the three groups of hospitalization rate.nnRESULTS: Enabling factors accounted for the largest percentage of total variance explained in the study model, followed by needs and predisposing factors. Co-occurring mental disorders (MD)/substance-related disorders (SRD), alcohol-related disorders, depressive disorders, frequency of consultations with outpatient psychiatrists, prior ED visits for any medical condition and number of physicians consulted in specialized care, were risk factors for both moderate and frequent hospitalizations. Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorders, and age (except 12-17 years) were risk factors for moderate hospitalizations, while higher numbers (4+) of overall interventions in local community health service centers were a risk factor for frequent hospitalizations only. Patients with personality disorders, drug-related disorders, suicidal behaviors, and those who visited a psychiatric ED integrated with a general ED in a separate site, or who visited a general ED without psychiatric services were also less likely to be hospitalized. Less urgent and non-urgent illness acuity prevented moderate hospitalizations only.nnCONCLUSIONS: Patients with severe and complex health conditions, and higher numbers of both prior outpatient psychiatrist consultations and ED visits for medical conditions had more moderate and frequent hospitalizations as compared with non-hospitalized patients. Patients at risk for frequent hospitalizations were more vulnerable overall and had important biopsychosocial problems. Improved primary care and integrated outpatient services may prevent post-ED hospitalization.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Garel, Nicolas; Bloom, David; Joober, Ridha
Treating anxious syndromes with pregabalin in patients with psychosis Journal Article
In: J Psychiatry Neurosci, vol. 45, no. 5, pp. 370, 2020, ISSN: 1488-2434.
@article{pmid32820880,
title = {Treating anxious syndromes with pregabalin in patients with psychosis},
author = {Nicolas Garel and David Bloom and Ridha Joober},
doi = {10.1503/jpn.200033},
issn = {1488-2434},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {J Psychiatry Neurosci},
volume = {45},
number = {5},
pages = {370},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gbessemehlan, Antoine; Arsandaux, Julie; Orri, Massimiliano; Montagni, Ilaria; Macalli, Melissa; Tournier, Marie; Tzourio, Christophe; Galéra, Cédric
In: Psychiatry Res, vol. 291, pp. 113284, 2020, ISSN: 1872-7123.
@article{pmid32763545,
title = {Perceived stress partially accounts for the association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms and suicidal ideation among students},
author = {Antoine Gbessemehlan and Julie Arsandaux and Massimiliano Orri and Ilaria Montagni and Melissa Macalli and Marie Tournier and Christophe Tzourio and Cédric Galéra},
doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113284},
issn = {1872-7123},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Psychiatry Res},
volume = {291},
pages = {113284},
abstract = {The association between Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and suicidal ideation has been the focus of recent research interest among youths and young adults. However, the role perceived stress plays in this association is unclear. We investigated whether perceived stress accounts for the association between ADHD and subsequent suicidal ideation among French students enrolled in the i-Share cohort. The associations between ADHD symptoms, perceived stress at baseline, and suicidal ideation during follow-up were investigated using logistic regression models, and Structural Equation Modeling was used to estimate the indirect effect via perceived stress. In total 4333 participants (median age: 20.3 years; [interquartile range: 18.7-21.8]) were included in the main analyses. ADHD was associated with suicidal ideation (adjusted Odds Ratio = 1.15 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.04-1.26]). Perceived stress partially accounts for the association between ADHD and suicidal ideation (proportion explained 49%). Our study suggests that ADHD and perceived stress represent mental health targets for suicide prevention programs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Gonneaud, Julie; Bedetti, Christophe; Binette, Alexa Pichet; Benzinger, Tammie L S; Morris, John C; Bateman, Randall J; Poirier, Judes; Breitner, John C S; and, Sylvia Villeneuve
Association of education with Aβ burden in preclinical familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease Journal Article
In: Neurology, vol. 95, no. 11, pp. e1554–e1564, 2020, ISSN: 1526-632X.
@article{pmid32759192,
title = {Association of education with Aβ burden in preclinical familial and sporadic Alzheimer disease},
author = {Julie Gonneaud and Christophe Bedetti and Alexa Pichet Binette and Tammie L S Benzinger and John C Morris and Randall J Bateman and Judes Poirier and John C S Breitner and Sylvia Villeneuve and },
doi = {10.1212/WNL.0000000000010314},
issn = {1526-632X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Neurology},
volume = {95},
number = {11},
pages = {e1554--e1564},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To determine whether years of education and the ε4 risk allele at influence β-amyloid (Aβ) pathology similarly in asymptomatic individuals with a family history of sporadic Alzheimer disease (AD) and presymptomatic autosomal dominant AD mutation carriers.nnMETHODS: We analyzed cross-sectional data from 106 asymptomatic individuals with a parental history of sporadic AD (PREVENT-AD cohort; age 67.28 ± 4.72 years) and 117 presymptomatic autosomal dominant AD mutation carriers (DIAN cohort; age 35.04 ± 9.43 years). All participants underwent structural MRI and Aβ-PET imaging. In each cohort we investigated the influence of years of education, ε4 status, and their interaction on Aβ-PET.nnRESULTS: Asymptomatic individuals with a parental history of sporadic AD showed increased Aβ burden associated with ε4 carriage and lower level of education, but no interaction between these. Presymptomatic mutation carriers of autosomal dominant AD showed no relation between ε4 and Aβ burden, but increasing level of education was associated with reduced Aβ burden. The association between educational attainment and Aβ burden was similar in the 2 cohorts.nnCONCLUSIONS: While the ε4 allele confers increased tendency toward Aβ accumulation in sporadic AD only, protective environmental factors, like increased education, may promote brain resistance against Aβ pathology in both sporadic and autosomal dominant AD.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
McGorry, Patrick D; Nelson, Barnaby; Wood, Stephen J; Shah, Jai L; Malla, Ashok; Yung, Alison
Transcending false dichotomies and diagnostic silos to reduce disease burden in mental disorders Journal Article
In: Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol, vol. 55, no. 9, pp. 1095–1103, 2020, ISSN: 1433-9285.
@article{pmid32683471,
title = {Transcending false dichotomies and diagnostic silos to reduce disease burden in mental disorders},
author = {Patrick D McGorry and Barnaby Nelson and Stephen J Wood and Jai L Shah and Ashok Malla and Alison Yung},
doi = {10.1007/s00127-020-01913-w},
issn = {1433-9285},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol},
volume = {55},
number = {9},
pages = {1095--1103},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Pascoal, Tharick A; Therriault, Joseph; Benedet, Andrea L; Savard, Melissa; Lussier, Firoza Z; Chamoun, Mira; Tissot, Cécile; Qureshi, Muhammad Naveed Iqbal; Kang, Min Su; Mathotaarachchi, Sulantha; Stevenson, Jenna; Hopewell, Robert; Massarweh, Gassan; Soucy, Jean-Paul; Gauthier, Serge; Rosa-Neto, Pedro
18F-MK-6240 PET for early and late detection of neurofibrillary tangles Journal Article
In: Brain, vol. 143, no. 9, pp. 2818–2830, 2020, ISSN: 1460-2156.
@article{pmid32671408,
title = {18F-MK-6240 PET for early and late detection of neurofibrillary tangles},
author = {Tharick A Pascoal and Joseph Therriault and Andrea L Benedet and Melissa Savard and Firoza Z Lussier and Mira Chamoun and Cécile Tissot and Muhammad Naveed Iqbal Qureshi and Min Su Kang and Sulantha Mathotaarachchi and Jenna Stevenson and Robert Hopewell and Gassan Massarweh and Jean-Paul Soucy and Serge Gauthier and Pedro Rosa-Neto},
doi = {10.1093/brain/awaa180},
issn = {1460-2156},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Brain},
volume = {143},
number = {9},
pages = {2818--2830},
abstract = {Braak stages of tau neurofibrillary tangle accumulation have been incorporated in the criteria for the neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. It is expected that Braak staging using brain imaging can stratify living individuals according to their individual patterns of tau deposition, which may prove crucial for clinical trials and practice. However, previous studies using the first-generation tau PET agents have shown a low sensitivity to detect tau pathology in areas corresponding to early Braak histopathological stages (∼20% of cognitively unimpaired elderly with tau deposition in regions corresponding to Braak I-II), in contrast to ∼80-90% reported in post-mortem cohorts. Here, we tested whether the novel high affinity tau tangles tracer 18F-MK-6240 can better identify individuals in the early stages of tau accumulation. To this end, we studied 301 individuals (30 cognitively unimpaired young, 138 cognitively unimpaired elderly, 67 with mild cognitive impairment, 54 with Alzheimer's disease dementia, and 12 with frontotemporal dementia) with amyloid-β 18F-NAV4694, tau 18F-MK-6240, MRI, and clinical assessments. 18F-MK-6240 standardized uptake value ratio images were acquired at 90-110 min after the tracer injection. 18F-MK-6240 discriminated Alzheimer's disease dementia from mild cognitive impairment and frontotemporal dementia with high accuracy (∼85-100%). 18F-MK-6240 recapitulated topographical patterns consistent with the six hierarchical stages proposed by Braak in 98% of our population. Cognition and amyloid-β status explained most of the Braak stages variance (P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.75). No single region of interest standardized uptake value ratio accurately segregated individuals into the six topographic Braak stages. Sixty-eight per cent of the cognitively unimpaired elderly amyloid-β-positive and 37% of the cognitively unimpaired elderly amyloid-β-negative subjects displayed tau deposition, at least in the transentorhinal cortex (Braak I). Tau deposition solely in the transentorhinal cortex was associated with an elevated prevalence of amyloid-β, neurodegeneration, and cognitive impairment (P < 0.0001). 18F-MK-6240 deposition in regions corresponding to Braak IV-VI was associated with the highest prevalence of neurodegeneration, whereas in Braak V-VI regions with the highest prevalence of cognitive impairment. Our results suggest that the hierarchical six-stage Braak model using 18F-MK-6240 imaging provides an index of early and late tau accumulation as well as disease stage in preclinical and symptomatic individuals. Tau PET Braak staging using high affinity tracers has the potential to be incorporated in the diagnosis of living patients with Alzheimer's disease in the near future.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Bolanis, Despina; Orri, Massimiliano; Castellanos-Ryan, Natalie; Renaud, Johanne; Montreuil, Tina; Boivin, Michel; Vitaro, Frank; Tremblay, Richard E; Turecki, Gustavo; Côté, Sylvana M; Séguin, Jean R; Geoffroy, Marie-Claude
Cannabis use, depression and suicidal ideation in adolescence: direction of associations in a population based cohort Journal Article
In: J Affect Disord, vol. 274, pp. 1076–1083, 2020, ISSN: 1573-2517.
@article{pmid32663935,
title = {Cannabis use, depression and suicidal ideation in adolescence: direction of associations in a population based cohort},
author = {Despina Bolanis and Massimiliano Orri and Natalie Castellanos-Ryan and Johanne Renaud and Tina Montreuil and Michel Boivin and Frank Vitaro and Richard E Tremblay and Gustavo Turecki and Sylvana M Côté and Jean R Séguin and Marie-Claude Geoffroy},
doi = {10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.136},
issn = {1573-2517},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {J Affect Disord},
volume = {274},
pages = {1076--1083},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: To clarify the direction of the association between frequency of cannabis use, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation from 15 to 20 years using cross-lagged analyses.nnMETHOD: We included 1606 adolescents from the province of Québec followed since 1997 with information on frequency of cannabis use (none/monthly/weekly), depression (defined as being in the top 10% symptoms) and serious suicidal ideation at ages 15, 17 and 20 years.nnRESULTS: The prevalence of weekly cannabis use increased from 7.0% at age 15 years to 15.6% by age 20 years. Adolescents who reported using cannabis weekly at one age were 11 to 15 times more likely to continue using cannabis over time. In longitudinal cross-lagged analyses, weekly cannabis use at age 15 was associated with greater odds (OR=2.19, 95% CI=1.04-4.58) of suicidal ideation two years later. However, other substance use (alcohol, tobacco, other drugs) fully explained this association. Further, depression predicted subsequent weekly cannabis use, even after adjusting for comorbid other substance use (eg, for depression at 15 years predicting cannabis use at 17 years: OR=2.30, 95% CI=1.19-4.43).nnLIMITATIONS: Quantity of cannabis consumed was not measured.nnCONCLUSION: Findings suggest that depressive symptoms in adolescence may represent a risk factor for weekly cannabis consumption, which once initiated is likely to remain chronic. Weekly cannabis use increased risk for suicidal ideation, but not independently from other substance use including alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Malla, Ashok; Iyer, Srividya N; Rangaswamy, Thara; Ramachandran, Padmavati; Mohan, Greeshma; Taksal, Aarati; Margolese, Howard C; Schmitz, Norbert; Joober, Ridha
In: Br J Psychiatry, vol. 217, no. 3, pp. 514–520, 2020, ISSN: 1472-1465.
@article{pmid32624012,
title = {Comparison of clinical outcomes following 2 years of treatment of first-episode psychosis in urban early intervention services in Canada and India},
author = {Ashok Malla and Srividya N Iyer and Thara Rangaswamy and Padmavati Ramachandran and Greeshma Mohan and Aarati Taksal and Howard C Margolese and Norbert Schmitz and Ridha Joober},
doi = {10.1192/bjp.2020.126},
issn = {1472-1465},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Br J Psychiatry},
volume = {217},
number = {3},
pages = {514--520},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Purported superior outcomes for treatment of psychosis in low- and middle-income (LMICs) compared with high-income (HICs) countries have not been examined in the context of early intervention services (EIS).nnAIMS: To compare 2-year clinical outcomes in first-episode psychosis (FEP) treated in EIS in Chennai (LMIC) and Montreal (HIC) using a similar EIS treatment protocol and to identify factors associated with any outcome differences.nnMETHOD: Patients with FEP treated in EIS in Chennai (n = 168) and Montreal (n = 165) were compared on change in level of symptoms and rate and duration of positive and negative symptom remission over a 2-year period. Repeated-measures analysis of variance, and logistic and linear regression analyses were conducted.nnRESULTS: Four patients died in Chennai compared with none in Montreal. Family support was higher for Chennai patients (F = 14.05, d.f. = 1, P < 0.001, ƞp2 = 0.061) and increased over time at both sites (F = 7.0, d.f. = 1.915, P < 0.001, ƞp2 = 0.03). Negative symptom outcomes were significantly better in Chennai for level of symptoms (time × site interaction F = 7.36, d.f. = 1.49, P = 0.002, ƞp2 = 0.03), duration of remission (mean 16.1 v. 9.78 months, t = -7.35, d.f. = 331, P < 0.001, Cohen's d = 0.80) and the proportion of patients in remission (81.5% v. 60.3%, χ2 = 16.12, d.f. = 1, P < 0.001). The site differences in outcome remained robust after adjusting for inter-site differences in other characteristics. Early remission and family support facilitated better outcome on negative symptoms. No significant differences were observed in positive symptom outcomes.nnCONCLUSIONS: Patients with FEP treated in EIS in LMIC contexts are likely to show better outcome on negative symptoms compared with those in HIC contexts. Early remission and family support may benefit patients across both contexts.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Antebi, Lara; Carmichael, Victoria; Whitley, Rob
In: Can J Psychiatry, vol. 65, no. 9, pp. 621–629, 2020, ISSN: 1497-0015.
@article{pmid32588647,
title = {Assessing Adherence to Responsible Reporting of Suicide Guidelines in the Canadian News Media: A 1-year Examination of Day-to-day Suicide Coverage: Évaluer la conformité au journalisme responsable en matière de directives sur le suicide dans les médias canadiens d'information: Un examen d'une année de la couverture quotidienne du suicide},
author = {Lara Antebi and Victoria Carmichael and Rob Whitley},
doi = {10.1177/0706743720936462},
issn = {1497-0015},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-01},
journal = {Can J Psychiatry},
volume = {65},
number = {9},
pages = {621--629},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine routine day-to-day suicide reporting in the Canadian media, giving a descriptive overview of the tone and content of news articles. The primary objective is to assess adherence to responsible reporting of suicide recommendations in news articles about suicide. A secondary objective is to categorize these articles according to their focus. A tertiary objective is to compare guideline adherence across the different categories of articles.nnMETHODS: We collected news articles containing the keyword "suicide" from 47 Canadian news sources between April 1, 2019, and March 31, 2020. Articles were read and coded for their adherence to responsible reporting of suicide recommendations. Articles were also allotted into categories according to their focus and primary suicide discussed. Frequency counts and percentages of adherence were calculated for all key variables-both overall and by category of article. Chi-square tests were also conducted to assess for variations in adherence by category of article.nnRESULTS: The procedures resulted in 1,330 coded articles. On the one hand, there was high overall adherence to several recommendations. For example, over 80% of articles did not give a monocausal explanation, glamourize the death, appear on the front page, include sensational language, or use discouraged words. On the other hand, there was low adherence to other recommendations, especially those related to putatively protective content. For example, less than 25% included help-seeking information, quoted an expert, or included educational content. Cross-category analysis indicated that articles about events/policies/research and Indigenous people had the highest proportions of adherence, while articles about murder-suicide and high-profile suicides had the lowest adherence.nnCONCLUSIONS: While a substantial proportion of articles generally adhere to suicide reporting recommendations, several guidelines are frequently underapplied, especially those concerning putatively helpful content. This indicates room for improvement in the responsible reporting of suicide.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
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