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2020
Rabipour, Sheida; Rajagopal, Sricharana; Yu, Elsa; Pasvanis, Stamatoula; Lafaille-Magnan, Marie-Elyse; Breitner, John; ; Rajah, M Natasha
In: J Alzheimers Dis, vol. 76, no. 1, pp. 97–119, 2020, ISSN: 1875-8908.
@article{pmid32474466,
title = {APOE4 Status is Related to Differences in Memory-Related Brain Function in Asymptomatic Older Adults with Family History of Alzheimer's Disease: Baseline Analysis of the PREVENT-AD Task Functional MRI Dataset},
author = {Sheida Rabipour and Sricharana Rajagopal and Elsa Yu and Stamatoula Pasvanis and Marie-Elyse Lafaille-Magnan and John Breitner and and M Natasha Rajah},
doi = {10.3233/JAD-191292},
issn = {1875-8908},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {J Alzheimers Dis},
volume = {76},
number = {1},
pages = {97--119},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Episodic memory decline is one of the earliest symptoms of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Older adults with the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (+APOE4) genetic risk factor for AD may exhibit altered patterns of memory-related brain activity years prior to initial symptom onset.nnOBJECTIVE: Here we report the baseline episodic memory task functional MRI results from the PRe-symptomatic EValuation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease cohort in Montreal, Canada, in which 327 healthy older adults were scanned within 15 years of their parent's conversion to AD.nnMETHODS: Volunteers were scanned as they encoded and retrieved object-location spatial source associations. The task was designed to discriminate between brain activity related to spatial source recollection and object-only (recognition) memory. We used multivariate partial least squares (PLS) to test the hypothesis that +APOE4 adults with family history of AD would exhibit altered patterns of brain activity in the recollection-related memory network, comprised of medial frontal, parietal, and medial temporal cortices, compared to APOE4 non-carriers (-APOE4). We also examined group differences in the correlation between event-related brain activity and memory performance.nnRESULTS: We found group similarities in memory performance and in task-related brain activity in the recollection network, but differences in brain activity-behavior correlations in ventral occipito-temporal, medial temporal, and medial prefrontal cortices during episodic encoding.nnCONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with previous literature on the influence of APOE4 on brain activity and provide new perspective on potential gene-based differences in brain-behavior relationships in people with first-degree family history of AD.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Episodic memory decline is one of the earliest symptoms of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD). Older adults with the apolipoprotein E ɛ4 (+APOE4) genetic risk factor for AD may exhibit altered patterns of memory-related brain activity years prior to initial symptom onset.nnOBJECTIVE: Here we report the baseline episodic memory task functional MRI results from the PRe-symptomatic EValuation of Experimental or Novel Treatments for Alzheimer's Disease cohort in Montreal, Canada, in which 327 healthy older adults were scanned within 15 years of their parent's conversion to AD.nnMETHODS: Volunteers were scanned as they encoded and retrieved object-location spatial source associations. The task was designed to discriminate between brain activity related to spatial source recollection and object-only (recognition) memory. We used multivariate partial least squares (PLS) to test the hypothesis that +APOE4 adults with family history of AD would exhibit altered patterns of brain activity in the recollection-related memory network, comprised of medial frontal, parietal, and medial temporal cortices, compared to APOE4 non-carriers (-APOE4). We also examined group differences in the correlation between event-related brain activity and memory performance.nnRESULTS: We found group similarities in memory performance and in task-related brain activity in the recollection network, but differences in brain activity-behavior correlations in ventral occipito-temporal, medial temporal, and medial prefrontal cortices during episodic encoding.nnCONCLUSION: These findings are consistent with previous literature on the influence of APOE4 on brain activity and provide new perspective on potential gene-based differences in brain-behavior relationships in people with first-degree family history of AD.
Vassilev, Philip; Salim, Moataz; Popescu, Christina; Flores, Cecilia; Hernandez, Giovanni
Low-cost conditioned place preference setup including video recording and analysis of behaviour Journal Article
In: MethodsX, vol. 7, pp. 100899, 2020, ISSN: 2215-0161.
@article{pmid32405466,
title = {Low-cost conditioned place preference setup including video recording and analysis of behaviour},
author = {Philip Vassilev and Moataz Salim and Christina Popescu and Cecilia Flores and Giovanni Hernandez},
doi = {10.1016/j.mex.2020.100899},
issn = {2215-0161},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {MethodsX},
volume = {7},
pages = {100899},
abstract = {The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm is widely used in rodent research to test the rewarding and aversive properties of different stimuli. Despite its relative simplicity, commercially available CPP systems are often costly. Here we describe the construction of a CPP setup and a behavioral data analysis pipeline incorporating: • a CPP box which can be built in a single day by using widely available and affordable materials. • an open source computer system for data acquisition (based on Raspberry Pi). • a freely available behavioural analysis software. The behavioural analysis allows for measurement of both locomotor activity and time spent in a zone of interest. Including all components, our setup costs ~1/10 of the cost of the least expensive commercially available CPP boxes alone (not including data acquisition and analysis). We validated the setup by showing that a 4 mg/kg dose of amphetamine increases locomotor activity acutely in adolescent male mice and induces conditioned preference for the drug-paired compartment in the CPP test.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm is widely used in rodent research to test the rewarding and aversive properties of different stimuli. Despite its relative simplicity, commercially available CPP systems are often costly. Here we describe the construction of a CPP setup and a behavioral data analysis pipeline incorporating: • a CPP box which can be built in a single day by using widely available and affordable materials. • an open source computer system for data acquisition (based on Raspberry Pi). • a freely available behavioural analysis software. The behavioural analysis allows for measurement of both locomotor activity and time spent in a zone of interest. Including all components, our setup costs ~1/10 of the cost of the least expensive commercially available CPP boxes alone (not including data acquisition and analysis). We validated the setup by showing that a 4 mg/kg dose of amphetamine increases locomotor activity acutely in adolescent male mice and induces conditioned preference for the drug-paired compartment in the CPP test.
Gruber, Reut; Somerville, Gail; Santisteban, Jose Arturo
Using Parental Report to Identify Children at Risk for Poor Sleep and Daytime Problems Journal Article
In: Behav Sleep Med, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 460–476, 2020, ISSN: 1540-2010.
@article{pmid31092006,
title = {Using Parental Report to Identify Children at Risk for Poor Sleep and Daytime Problems},
author = {Reut Gruber and Gail Somerville and Jose Arturo Santisteban},
doi = {10.1080/15402002.2019.1613236},
issn = {1540-2010},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Behav Sleep Med},
volume = {18},
number = {4},
pages = {460--476},
abstract = {OBJECTIVE: To examine objective sleep patterns and the daytime behavioral, emotional and academic functioning of school-age children above and below the clinical cutoff score for the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), which is a parental-report-based measure of sleep disturbances.nnPARTICIPANTS: 48 boys and 74 girls aged 7-11 years.nnMETHODS: Participants' sleep was assessed in their home environment using a miniature actigraph (AW-64 series; Mini-Mitter, Sunriver, OR, USA) for five consecutive weeknights. The parents provided their child's report card and completed a battery of questionnaires that included the CSHQ, the Child Behavior Checklist, a demographic questionnaire and a health questionnaire.nnRESULTS: Children that were above the cutoff score of the CSHQ had later objectively measured sleep schedule, were less likely to obtain the recommended amount of sleep for their age, had higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and a higher prevalence of clinical levels of externalizing and internalizing problems, had lower grades in English and French as a Second Language, and were more likely to fail these subjects. Discriminant analysis revealed that information from the objective sleep and emotional/behavioral and academic measures could significantly discriminate between those with or without parent-reported sleep disturbance.nnCONCLUSION: Parental reports of sleep disturbances can be used to identify children at increased risk for sleep, emotional, behavioral and academic problems. Such questionnaires should be incorporated into clinical practice and school-based evaluations with the goal of identifying undiagnosed children who might be at risk for poor adjustment related to night- and daytime difficulties.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVE: To examine objective sleep patterns and the daytime behavioral, emotional and academic functioning of school-age children above and below the clinical cutoff score for the Child Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ), which is a parental-report-based measure of sleep disturbances.nnPARTICIPANTS: 48 boys and 74 girls aged 7-11 years.nnMETHODS: Participants' sleep was assessed in their home environment using a miniature actigraph (AW-64 series; Mini-Mitter, Sunriver, OR, USA) for five consecutive weeknights. The parents provided their child's report card and completed a battery of questionnaires that included the CSHQ, the Child Behavior Checklist, a demographic questionnaire and a health questionnaire.nnRESULTS: Children that were above the cutoff score of the CSHQ had later objectively measured sleep schedule, were less likely to obtain the recommended amount of sleep for their age, had higher levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms and a higher prevalence of clinical levels of externalizing and internalizing problems, had lower grades in English and French as a Second Language, and were more likely to fail these subjects. Discriminant analysis revealed that information from the objective sleep and emotional/behavioral and academic measures could significantly discriminate between those with or without parent-reported sleep disturbance.nnCONCLUSION: Parental reports of sleep disturbances can be used to identify children at increased risk for sleep, emotional, behavioral and academic problems. Such questionnaires should be incorporated into clinical practice and school-based evaluations with the goal of identifying undiagnosed children who might be at risk for poor adjustment related to night- and daytime difficulties.
Shiells, Helen; Schelter, Bjoern O; Bentham, Peter; Baddeley, Thomas C; Rubino, Christopher M; Ganesan, Harish; Hammel, Jeffrey; Vuksanovic, Vesna; Staff, Roger T; Murray, Alison D; Bracoud, Luc; Wischik, Damon J; Riedel, Gernot; Gauthier, Serge; Jia, Jianping; Moebius, Hans J; Hardlund, Jiri; Kipps, Christopher M; Kook, Karin; Storey, John M D; Harrington, Charles R; Wischik, Claude M
In: J Alzheimers Dis, vol. 75, no. 2, pp. 501–519, 2020, ISSN: 1875-8908.
@article{pmid32280089,
title = {Concentration-Dependent Activity of Hydromethylthionine on Clinical Decline and Brain Atrophy in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia},
author = {Helen Shiells and Bjoern O Schelter and Peter Bentham and Thomas C Baddeley and Christopher M Rubino and Harish Ganesan and Jeffrey Hammel and Vesna Vuksanovic and Roger T Staff and Alison D Murray and Luc Bracoud and Damon J Wischik and Gernot Riedel and Serge Gauthier and Jianping Jia and Hans J Moebius and Jiri Hardlund and Christopher M Kipps and Karin Kook and John M D Storey and Charles R Harrington and Claude M Wischik},
doi = {10.3233/JAD-191173},
issn = {1875-8908},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {J Alzheimers Dis},
volume = {75},
number = {2},
pages = {501--519},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Hydromethylthionine is a potent inhibitor of pathological aggregation of tau and TDP-43 proteins.nnOBJECTIVE: To compare hydromethylthionine treatment effects at two doses and to determine how drug exposure is related to treatment response in bvFTD.nnMETHODS: We undertook a 52-week Phase III study in 220 bvFTD patients randomized to compare hydromethylthionine at 200 mg/day and 8 mg/day (intended as a control). The principal outcomes were change on the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R), the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), and whole brain volume. Secondary outcomes included Modified Clinical Global Impression of Change (Modified-CGIC). A population pharmacokinetic exposure-response analysis was undertaken in 175 of the patients with available blood samples and outcome data using a discriminatory plasma assay for the parent drug.nnRESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two doses as randomized. There were steep concentration-response relationships for plasma levels in the range 0.3-0.6 ng/ml at the 8 mg/day dose on clinical and MRI outcomes. There were significant exposure-dependent differences at 8 mg/day for FAQ, Modified-CGIC, and whole brain atrophy comparing patients with plasma levels greater than 0.346 ng/ml with having minimal drug exposure. The exposure-response is biphasic with worse outcomes at the high concentrations produced by 200 mg/day.nnCONCLUSIONS: Hydromethylthionine has a similar concentration-response profile for effects on clinical decline and brain atrophy at the 8 mg/day dose in bvFTD as recently reported in AD. Treatment responses in bvFTD are predicted to be maximal at doses in the range 20-60 mg/day. A confirmatory placebo-controlled trial is now planned.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Hydromethylthionine is a potent inhibitor of pathological aggregation of tau and TDP-43 proteins.nnOBJECTIVE: To compare hydromethylthionine treatment effects at two doses and to determine how drug exposure is related to treatment response in bvFTD.nnMETHODS: We undertook a 52-week Phase III study in 220 bvFTD patients randomized to compare hydromethylthionine at 200 mg/day and 8 mg/day (intended as a control). The principal outcomes were change on the Addenbrookes Cognitive Examination - Revised (ACE-R), the Functional Activities Questionnaire (FAQ), and whole brain volume. Secondary outcomes included Modified Clinical Global Impression of Change (Modified-CGIC). A population pharmacokinetic exposure-response analysis was undertaken in 175 of the patients with available blood samples and outcome data using a discriminatory plasma assay for the parent drug.nnRESULTS: There were no significant differences between the two doses as randomized. There were steep concentration-response relationships for plasma levels in the range 0.3-0.6 ng/ml at the 8 mg/day dose on clinical and MRI outcomes. There were significant exposure-dependent differences at 8 mg/day for FAQ, Modified-CGIC, and whole brain atrophy comparing patients with plasma levels greater than 0.346 ng/ml with having minimal drug exposure. The exposure-response is biphasic with worse outcomes at the high concentrations produced by 200 mg/day.nnCONCLUSIONS: Hydromethylthionine has a similar concentration-response profile for effects on clinical decline and brain atrophy at the 8 mg/day dose in bvFTD as recently reported in AD. Treatment responses in bvFTD are predicted to be maximal at doses in the range 20-60 mg/day. A confirmatory placebo-controlled trial is now planned.
de Lima, Randriely Merscher Sobreira; Barth, Barbara; Arcego, Danusa Mar; de Mendonça Filho, Euclides José; Clappison, Andrew; Patel, Sachin; Wang, Zihan; Pokhvisneva, Irina; Sassi, Roberto Britto; Hall, Geoffrey B C; Kobor, Michael S; O'Donnell, Kieran J; de Vasconcellos Bittencourt, Ana Paula Santana; Meaney, Michael J; Dalmaz, Carla; Silveira, Patrícia Pelufo
In: Front Neurosci, vol. 14, pp. 198, 2020, ISSN: 1662-4548.
@article{pmid32256307,
title = {Amygdala 5-HTT Gene Network Moderates the Effects of Postnatal Adversity on Attention Problems: Anatomo-Functional Correlation and Epigenetic Changes},
author = {Randriely Merscher Sobreira de Lima and Barbara Barth and Danusa Mar Arcego and Euclides José de Mendonça Filho and Andrew Clappison and Sachin Patel and Zihan Wang and Irina Pokhvisneva and Roberto Britto Sassi and Geoffrey B C Hall and Michael S Kobor and Kieran J O'Donnell and Ana Paula Santana de Vasconcellos Bittencourt and Michael J Meaney and Carla Dalmaz and Patrícia Pelufo Silveira},
doi = {10.3389/fnins.2020.00198},
issn = {1662-4548},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Front Neurosci},
volume = {14},
pages = {198},
abstract = {Variations in serotoninergic signaling have been related to behavioral outcomes. Alterations in the genome, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are affected by serotonin neurotransmission. The amygdala is an important brain region involved in emotional responses and impulsivity, which receives serotoninergic input. In addition, studies suggest that the serotonin transporter gene network may interact with the environment and influence the risk for psychiatric disorders. We propose to investigate whether/how interactions between the exposure to early life adversity and serotonin transporter gene network in the amygdala associate with behavioral disorders. We constructed a co-expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) reflecting variations in the function of the serotonin transporter gene network in the amygdala and investigated its interaction with postnatal adversity on attention problems in two independent cohorts from Canada and Singapore. We also described how interactions between ePRS-5-HTT and postnatal adversity exposure predict brain gray matter density and variation in DNA methylation across the genome. We observed that the expression-based polygenic risk score, reflecting the function of the amygdala 5-HTT gene network, interacts with postnatal adversity, to predict attention and hyperactivity problems across both cohorts. Also, both postnatal adversity score and amygdala ePRS-5-HTT score, as well as their interaction, were observed to be associated with variation in DNA methylation across the genome. Variations in gray matter density in brain regions linked to attentional processes were also correlated to our ePRS score. These results confirm that the amygdala 5-HTT gene network is strongly associated with ADHD-related behaviors, brain cortical density, and epigenetic changes in the context of adversity in young children.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Variations in serotoninergic signaling have been related to behavioral outcomes. Alterations in the genome, such as DNA methylation and histone modifications, are affected by serotonin neurotransmission. The amygdala is an important brain region involved in emotional responses and impulsivity, which receives serotoninergic input. In addition, studies suggest that the serotonin transporter gene network may interact with the environment and influence the risk for psychiatric disorders. We propose to investigate whether/how interactions between the exposure to early life adversity and serotonin transporter gene network in the amygdala associate with behavioral disorders. We constructed a co-expression-based polygenic risk score (ePRS) reflecting variations in the function of the serotonin transporter gene network in the amygdala and investigated its interaction with postnatal adversity on attention problems in two independent cohorts from Canada and Singapore. We also described how interactions between ePRS-5-HTT and postnatal adversity exposure predict brain gray matter density and variation in DNA methylation across the genome. We observed that the expression-based polygenic risk score, reflecting the function of the amygdala 5-HTT gene network, interacts with postnatal adversity, to predict attention and hyperactivity problems across both cohorts. Also, both postnatal adversity score and amygdala ePRS-5-HTT score, as well as their interaction, were observed to be associated with variation in DNA methylation across the genome. Variations in gray matter density in brain regions linked to attentional processes were also correlated to our ePRS score. These results confirm that the amygdala 5-HTT gene network is strongly associated with ADHD-related behaviors, brain cortical density, and epigenetic changes in the context of adversity in young children.
Thierrée, Sarah; Richa, Sami; Brunet, Alain; Egreteau, Laurine; Roig, Quentin; Clarys, David; El-Hage, Wissam
Trauma reactivation under propranolol among traumatized Syrian refugee children: preliminary evidence regarding efficacy Journal Article
In: Eur J Psychotraumatol, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 1733248, 2020, ISSN: 2000-8066.
@article{pmid32194925,
title = {Trauma reactivation under propranolol among traumatized Syrian refugee children: preliminary evidence regarding efficacy},
author = {Sarah Thierrée and Sami Richa and Alain Brunet and Laurine Egreteau and Quentin Roig and David Clarys and Wissam El-Hage},
doi = {10.1080/20008198.2020.1733248},
issn = {2000-8066},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Eur J Psychotraumatol},
volume = {11},
number = {1},
pages = {1733248},
abstract = {: There is a dearth of therapeutic solutions for traumatized young patients. Trauma reactivation conducted under the influence of the reconsolidation blocker propranolol (Reconsolidation Therapy) is a simple, cost-effective treatment option that has some promising initial results in adults suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). : To explore the usefulness of this novel treatment in children. The primary outcome was the reduction of PTSD symptoms at the end of treatment, while secondary outcomes included reduction in anxiety and in depressive symptoms. : An open-label clinical trial was conducted in a refugee camp in Syria, investigating the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic strategy in 117 children suffering from enduring PTSD symptoms. Participants received propranolol 90 minutes before briefly recalling (i.e. reactivating) a single personal traumatic memory, for 5 consecutive days. Self-reported anxiety, depressive, and PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline, as well as 4 and 13 weeks after treatment. : A significant, clinically meaningful symptom reduction was observed at all post-treatment measurement times . baseline. More specifically, between baseline and the 13-week follow-up we observed a 64% PTSD symptoms reduction ( = 2.71). In a similar vein, we obtained a 39% symptoms reduction for depressive symptoms (1.01). The general anxiety symptoms improved, but eventually returned to prior level, probably because of the deteriorating living conditions in the camp. : This therapy appeared as a potentially safe and useful treatment strategy for children suffering from PTSD symptoms, warranting replication studies using stronger study designs. The social acceptability and ease of implementation of the treatment should also be noted.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
: There is a dearth of therapeutic solutions for traumatized young patients. Trauma reactivation conducted under the influence of the reconsolidation blocker propranolol (Reconsolidation Therapy) is a simple, cost-effective treatment option that has some promising initial results in adults suffering from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). : To explore the usefulness of this novel treatment in children. The primary outcome was the reduction of PTSD symptoms at the end of treatment, while secondary outcomes included reduction in anxiety and in depressive symptoms. : An open-label clinical trial was conducted in a refugee camp in Syria, investigating the safety and efficacy of this therapeutic strategy in 117 children suffering from enduring PTSD symptoms. Participants received propranolol 90 minutes before briefly recalling (i.e. reactivating) a single personal traumatic memory, for 5 consecutive days. Self-reported anxiety, depressive, and PTSD symptoms were assessed at baseline, as well as 4 and 13 weeks after treatment. : A significant, clinically meaningful symptom reduction was observed at all post-treatment measurement times . baseline. More specifically, between baseline and the 13-week follow-up we observed a 64% PTSD symptoms reduction ( = 2.71). In a similar vein, we obtained a 39% symptoms reduction for depressive symptoms (1.01). The general anxiety symptoms improved, but eventually returned to prior level, probably because of the deteriorating living conditions in the camp. : This therapy appeared as a potentially safe and useful treatment strategy for children suffering from PTSD symptoms, warranting replication studies using stronger study designs. The social acceptability and ease of implementation of the treatment should also be noted.
Lin, Lanyi; Somerville, Gail; Boursier, Johanne; Santisteban, Jose Arturo; Gruber, Reut
Sleep Duration Is Associated with Academic Achievement of Adolescent Girls in Mathematics Journal Article
In: Nat Sci Sleep, vol. 12, pp. 173–182, 2020, ISSN: 1179-1608.
@article{pmid32158295,
title = {Sleep Duration Is Associated with Academic Achievement of Adolescent Girls in Mathematics},
author = {Lanyi Lin and Gail Somerville and Johanne Boursier and Jose Arturo Santisteban and Reut Gruber},
doi = {10.2147/NSS.S237267},
issn = {1179-1608},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Nat Sci Sleep},
volume = {12},
pages = {173--182},
abstract = {PURPOSE: To examine the associations between objective measures of sleep during the school week and academic achievement in mathematics and languages in typically developing adolescent girls.nnMETHODS: Eighty adolescent girls aged 12-17 years (M=14.74, SD=1.3) participated. For five consecutive weeknights, sleep was assessed in the home environment using an actigraph. Academic achievement was assessed using report card grades.nnRESULTS: Girls who obtained on average less sleep than the recommended amount of 8 to 10 hrs per night had significantly lower grades in mathematics compared to girls who obtained the recommended amount (77.61 vs 86.16, respectively; η =0.11). Hierarchical regression analyses adjusted for age, pubertal status, and socioeconomic status revealed that longer average sleep time was significantly associated with higher grades in mathematics (=4.78, 95% CI [2.03,7.53]). No significant associations were found between sleep variables and grades in languages.nnCONCLUSION: Longer average weekday sleep duration is associated with academic achievement of adolescent girls in mathematics.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
PURPOSE: To examine the associations between objective measures of sleep during the school week and academic achievement in mathematics and languages in typically developing adolescent girls.nnMETHODS: Eighty adolescent girls aged 12-17 years (M=14.74, SD=1.3) participated. For five consecutive weeknights, sleep was assessed in the home environment using an actigraph. Academic achievement was assessed using report card grades.nnRESULTS: Girls who obtained on average less sleep than the recommended amount of 8 to 10 hrs per night had significantly lower grades in mathematics compared to girls who obtained the recommended amount (77.61 vs 86.16, respectively; η =0.11). Hierarchical regression analyses adjusted for age, pubertal status, and socioeconomic status revealed that longer average sleep time was significantly associated with higher grades in mathematics (=4.78, 95% CI [2.03,7.53]). No significant associations were found between sleep variables and grades in languages.nnCONCLUSION: Longer average weekday sleep duration is associated with academic achievement of adolescent girls in mathematics.
Whitley, Rob; Zhou, JunWei
In: PLoS One, vol. 15, no. 2, pp. e0229719, 2020, ISSN: 1932-6203.
@article{pmid32101571,
title = {Clueless: An ethnographic study of young men who participate in the seduction community with a focus on their psychosocial well-being and mental health},
author = {Rob Whitley and JunWei Zhou},
doi = {10.1371/journal.pone.0229719},
issn = {1932-6203},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {PLoS One},
volume = {15},
number = {2},
pages = {e0229719},
abstract = {In the last decade, a cross-national community of like-minded young men has emerged, commonly known as 'the seduction community'. This community is led by professional 'pick-up artists' who teach these young men a variety of techniques and mindsets with the stated aim of improving their success with women, or 'game'. There has been little research on the men who participate in this community, and none from a mental health angle. As such, this study is propelled by two specific objectives, namely documenting and understanding (i) the reasons why young men join the seduction community; and (ii) the impacts of community involvement on participants' lives. To meet these aims, we used an inductive qualitative methodology giving ample scope for bottom-up understandings to emerge. Specifically, we recruited young men participating in the seduction community for an in-depth qualitative interview (N = 34) to explore self-reported motives and impacts. Interviews were augmented by lengthy participant observation, and data was analyzed by content analysis techniques. The results reveal that men often join the community to address a range of psychosocial deficits, and that community involvement successfully equips participants with numerous valued social and communication skills. The community appears to fill a void in providing a place of hope, fellowship and learning for young (often immigrant) men. The findings are summarized in five themes (i) loneliness and social inclusion; (ii) lack of male role models and need for guidance; (iii) mental health and well-being issues; (iv) skill acquisition and personal development; and (v) the dark side of pick-up. Interestingly, some of the practices commonly taught and utilized within the community resemble aspects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and mental health peer support. This may explain its evident appeal. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of the findings for official mental health service provision for young men.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the last decade, a cross-national community of like-minded young men has emerged, commonly known as 'the seduction community'. This community is led by professional 'pick-up artists' who teach these young men a variety of techniques and mindsets with the stated aim of improving their success with women, or 'game'. There has been little research on the men who participate in this community, and none from a mental health angle. As such, this study is propelled by two specific objectives, namely documenting and understanding (i) the reasons why young men join the seduction community; and (ii) the impacts of community involvement on participants' lives. To meet these aims, we used an inductive qualitative methodology giving ample scope for bottom-up understandings to emerge. Specifically, we recruited young men participating in the seduction community for an in-depth qualitative interview (N = 34) to explore self-reported motives and impacts. Interviews were augmented by lengthy participant observation, and data was analyzed by content analysis techniques. The results reveal that men often join the community to address a range of psychosocial deficits, and that community involvement successfully equips participants with numerous valued social and communication skills. The community appears to fill a void in providing a place of hope, fellowship and learning for young (often immigrant) men. The findings are summarized in five themes (i) loneliness and social inclusion; (ii) lack of male role models and need for guidance; (iii) mental health and well-being issues; (iv) skill acquisition and personal development; and (v) the dark side of pick-up. Interestingly, some of the practices commonly taught and utilized within the community resemble aspects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and mental health peer support. This may explain its evident appeal. We conclude by reflecting on the implications of the findings for official mental health service provision for young men.
Bordeleau, Maude; de Cossío, Lourdes Fernández; Chakravarty, M Mallar; Tremblay, Marie-Ève
From Maternal Diet to Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Story of Neuroinflammation Journal Article
In: Front Cell Neurosci, vol. 14, pp. 612705, 2020, ISSN: 1662-5102.
@article{pmid33536875,
title = {From Maternal Diet to Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Story of Neuroinflammation},
author = {Maude Bordeleau and Lourdes Fernández de Cossío and M Mallar Chakravarty and Marie-Ève Tremblay},
doi = {10.3389/fncel.2020.612705},
issn = {1662-5102},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Front Cell Neurosci},
volume = {14},
pages = {612705},
abstract = {Providing the appropriate quantity and quality of food needed for both the mother's well-being and the healthy development of the offspring is crucial during pregnancy. However, the macro- and micronutrient intake also impacts the body's regulatory supersystems of the mother, such as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, which ultimately influence the overall development of the offspring. Of particular importance is the association between unhealthy maternal diet and neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Epidemiological studies have linked neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, to maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation. While the deleterious consequences of diet-induced MIA on offspring neurodevelopment are increasingly revealed, neuroinflammation is emerging as a key underlying mechanism. In this review, we compile the evidence available on how the mother and offspring are both impacted by maternal dietary imbalance. We specifically explore the various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of dietary components and discuss how changes in inflammatory status can prime the offspring brain development toward neurodevelopmental disorders. Lastly, we discuss research evidence on the mechanisms that sustain the relationship between maternal dietary imbalance and offspring brain development, involving altered neuroinflammatory status in the offspring, as well as genetic to cellular programming notably of microglia, and the evidence that the gut microbiome may act as a key mediator.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Providing the appropriate quantity and quality of food needed for both the mother's well-being and the healthy development of the offspring is crucial during pregnancy. However, the macro- and micronutrient intake also impacts the body's regulatory supersystems of the mother, such as the immune, endocrine, and nervous systems, which ultimately influence the overall development of the offspring. Of particular importance is the association between unhealthy maternal diet and neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring. Epidemiological studies have linked neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit-hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia, to maternal immune activation (MIA) during gestation. While the deleterious consequences of diet-induced MIA on offspring neurodevelopment are increasingly revealed, neuroinflammation is emerging as a key underlying mechanism. In this review, we compile the evidence available on how the mother and offspring are both impacted by maternal dietary imbalance. We specifically explore the various inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects of dietary components and discuss how changes in inflammatory status can prime the offspring brain development toward neurodevelopmental disorders. Lastly, we discuss research evidence on the mechanisms that sustain the relationship between maternal dietary imbalance and offspring brain development, involving altered neuroinflammatory status in the offspring, as well as genetic to cellular programming notably of microglia, and the evidence that the gut microbiome may act as a key mediator.
Breen, Michael S; Bierer, Linda M; Daskalakis, Nikolaos P; Bader, Heather N; Makotkine, Iouri; Chattopadhyay, Mitali; Xu, Changxin; Grice, Ariela Buxbaum; Tocheva, Anna S; Flory, Janine D; Buxbaum, Joseph D; Meaney, Michael J; Brennand, Kristen; Yehuda, Rachel
2020, ISSN: 2158-3188.
@misc{pmid32066695,
title = {Correction: Differential transcriptional response following glucocorticoid activation in cultured blood immune cells: a novel approach to PTSD biomarker development},
author = {Michael S Breen and Linda M Bierer and Nikolaos P Daskalakis and Heather N Bader and Iouri Makotkine and Mitali Chattopadhyay and Changxin Xu and Ariela Buxbaum Grice and Anna S Tocheva and Janine D Flory and Joseph D Buxbaum and Michael J Meaney and Kristen Brennand and Rachel Yehuda},
doi = {10.1038/s41398-019-0665-5},
issn = {2158-3188},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Transl Psychiatry},
volume = {10},
number = {1},
pages = {1},
abstract = {This Article was originally published without the correct Supplemental Table file (Table S1 was missing). In total, there are seven Supplemental Tables, and six were in the original submission. Furthermore, Fig. 1 was misplaced in the main text; it was embedded in the manuscript file even before the results section. Both issues have now been fixed in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
This Article was originally published without the correct Supplemental Table file (Table S1 was missing). In total, there are seven Supplemental Tables, and six were in the original submission. Furthermore, Fig. 1 was misplaced in the main text; it was embedded in the manuscript file even before the results section. Both issues have now been fixed in the HTML and PDF versions of this Article.
Corriveau-Lecavalier, Nick; Duchesne, Simon; Gauthier, Serge; Hudon, Carol; Kergoat, Marie-Jeanne; Mellah, Samira; and, Sylvie Belleville
A quadratic function of activation in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease Journal Article
In: Alzheimers Dement (Amst), vol. 12, no. 1, pp. e12139, 2020, ISSN: 2352-8729.
@article{pmid33521234,
title = {A quadratic function of activation in individuals at risk of Alzheimer's disease},
author = {Nick Corriveau-Lecavalier and Simon Duchesne and Serge Gauthier and Carol Hudon and Marie-Jeanne Kergoat and Samira Mellah and Sylvie Belleville and },
doi = {10.1002/dad2.12139},
issn = {2352-8729},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Alzheimers Dement (Amst)},
volume = {12},
number = {1},
pages = {e12139},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Brain activation is hypothesized to form an inverse U-shape in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD), with hyperactivation in the early phase, followed by hypoactivation.nnMETHODS: Using task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we tested the inverse U-shape hypothesis with polynomial regressions and between-group comparisons in individuals with subjective cognitive decline plus (SCD; smaller hippocampal volumes compared to a group of healthy controls without SCD and/or apolipoprotein E [] ε4 allele) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).nnRESULTS: A quadratic function modeled the relationship between proxies of disease severity (neurodegeneration, memory performance) and left superior parietal activation. Linear negative functions modeled the relationship between neurodegeneration and left hippocampal/right inferior temporal activation. Group comparison indicated presence of hyperactivation in SCD and hypoactivation in MCI in the left superior parietal lobule, relative to healthy controls.nnDISCUSSION: These findings support the presence of an inverse U-shape model of activation and suggest that hyperactivation might represent a biomarker of the early AD stages.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION: Brain activation is hypothesized to form an inverse U-shape in prodromal Alzheimer's disease (AD), with hyperactivation in the early phase, followed by hypoactivation.nnMETHODS: Using task-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we tested the inverse U-shape hypothesis with polynomial regressions and between-group comparisons in individuals with subjective cognitive decline plus (SCD; smaller hippocampal volumes compared to a group of healthy controls without SCD and/or apolipoprotein E [] ε4 allele) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI).nnRESULTS: A quadratic function modeled the relationship between proxies of disease severity (neurodegeneration, memory performance) and left superior parietal activation. Linear negative functions modeled the relationship between neurodegeneration and left hippocampal/right inferior temporal activation. Group comparison indicated presence of hyperactivation in SCD and hypoactivation in MCI in the left superior parietal lobule, relative to healthy controls.nnDISCUSSION: These findings support the presence of an inverse U-shape model of activation and suggest that hyperactivation might represent a biomarker of the early AD stages.
Gotlib, Ian H; Borchers, Lauren R; Chahal, Rajpreet; Gifuni, Anthony J; Teresi, Giana I; Ho, Tiffany C
Early Life Stress Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress Journal Article
In: Front Psychol, vol. 11, pp. 603748, 2020, ISSN: 1664-1078.
@article{pmid33510680,
title = {Early Life Stress Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress},
author = {Ian H Gotlib and Lauren R Borchers and Rajpreet Chahal and Anthony J Gifuni and Giana I Teresi and Tiffany C Ho},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603748},
issn = {1664-1078},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Front Psychol},
volume = {11},
pages = {603748},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is alarmingly prevalent and has been linked to the high rates of depression documented in adolescence. Researchers have theorized that ELS may increase adolescents' vulnerability or reactivity to the effects of subsequent stressors, placing them at higher risk for developing symptoms of depression.nnMETHODS: We tested this formulation in a longitudinal study by assessing levels of stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of adolescents from the San Francisco Bay Area ( = 109; 43 male; ages 13-20 years) who had been characterized 3-7 years earlier ( = 5.06, = 0.86 years) with respect to exposure to ELS and symptoms of depression.nnRESULTS: As expected, severity of ELS predicted levels of depressive symptoms during the pandemic [(107) = 0.26, = 0.006], which were higher in females than in males [(107) = -3.56, < 0.001]. Importantly, the association between ELS and depression was mediated by adolescents' reported levels of stress, even after controlling for demographic variables.nnCONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents during this pandemic and targeting perceived stress in high-risk youth.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is alarmingly prevalent and has been linked to the high rates of depression documented in adolescence. Researchers have theorized that ELS may increase adolescents' vulnerability or reactivity to the effects of subsequent stressors, placing them at higher risk for developing symptoms of depression.nnMETHODS: We tested this formulation in a longitudinal study by assessing levels of stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of adolescents from the San Francisco Bay Area ( = 109; 43 male; ages 13-20 years) who had been characterized 3-7 years earlier ( = 5.06, = 0.86 years) with respect to exposure to ELS and symptoms of depression.nnRESULTS: As expected, severity of ELS predicted levels of depressive symptoms during the pandemic [(107) = 0.26, = 0.006], which were higher in females than in males [(107) = -3.56, < 0.001]. Importantly, the association between ELS and depression was mediated by adolescents' reported levels of stress, even after controlling for demographic variables.nnCONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents during this pandemic and targeting perceived stress in high-risk youth.
Penzenstadler, Louise; Khazaal, Yasser; Fleury, Marie-Josée
Editorial: Community-Based Outreach Treatment for Addictions and Concomitant Disorders: Time for a Change of Paradigm Miscellaneous
2020, ISSN: 1664-0640.
@misc{pmid32038339,
title = {Editorial: Community-Based Outreach Treatment for Addictions and Concomitant Disorders: Time for a Change of Paradigm},
author = {Louise Penzenstadler and Yasser Khazaal and Marie-Josée Fleury},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00002},
issn = {1664-0640},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Front Psychiatry},
volume = {11},
pages = {2},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
Ng, Kok Pin; Chiew, Hui Jin; Hameed, Shahul; Ting, Simon Kang Seng; Ng, Adeline; Soo, See Ann; Wong, Benjamin Y X; Lim, Levinia; Yong, Alisa C W; Mok, Vincent C T; Rosa-Neto, Pedro; Dominguez, Jacqueline; Kim, SangYun; Hsiung, G Y Robin; Ikeda, Manabu; Miller, Bruce L; Gauthier, Serge; Kandiah, Nagaendran
Frontotemporal dementia and COVID-19: Hypothesis generation and roadmap for future research Journal Article
In: Alzheimers Dement (N Y), vol. 6, no. 1, pp. e12085, 2020, ISSN: 2352-8737.
@article{pmid33490361,
title = {Frontotemporal dementia and COVID-19: Hypothesis generation and roadmap for future research},
author = {Kok Pin Ng and Hui Jin Chiew and Shahul Hameed and Simon Kang Seng Ting and Adeline Ng and See Ann Soo and Benjamin Y X Wong and Levinia Lim and Alisa C W Yong and Vincent C T Mok and Pedro Rosa-Neto and Jacqueline Dominguez and SangYun Kim and G Y Robin Hsiung and Manabu Ikeda and Bruce L Miller and Serge Gauthier and Nagaendran Kandiah},
doi = {10.1002/trc2.12085},
issn = {2352-8737},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Alzheimers Dement (N Y)},
volume = {6},
number = {1},
pages = {e12085},
abstract = {The COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous suffering for patients with dementia and their caregivers. We conducted a survey to study the impact of the pandemic on patients with mild frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Our preliminary findings demonstrate that patients with FTD have significant worsening in behavior and social cognition, as well as suffer greater negative consequences from disruption to health-care services compared to patients with AD. The reduced ability to cope with sudden changes to social environments places patients with FTD at increased vulnerability to COVID-19 infection as well as to poorer clinical and social outcomes. Caregivers of FTD patients also demonstrate high burden during crisis situations. A proportion of patients with FTD benefitted from use of web-based interactive platforms. In this article, we outline the priority areas for research as well as a roadmap for future collaborative research to ensure greatest benefit for patients with FTD and their caregivers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The COVID-19 pandemic has caused tremendous suffering for patients with dementia and their caregivers. We conducted a survey to study the impact of the pandemic on patients with mild frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Our preliminary findings demonstrate that patients with FTD have significant worsening in behavior and social cognition, as well as suffer greater negative consequences from disruption to health-care services compared to patients with AD. The reduced ability to cope with sudden changes to social environments places patients with FTD at increased vulnerability to COVID-19 infection as well as to poorer clinical and social outcomes. Caregivers of FTD patients also demonstrate high burden during crisis situations. A proportion of patients with FTD benefitted from use of web-based interactive platforms. In this article, we outline the priority areas for research as well as a roadmap for future collaborative research to ensure greatest benefit for patients with FTD and their caregivers.
Gentil, Lia; Huỳnh, Christophe; Grenier, Guy; Fleury, Marie-Josée
Predictors of emergency department visits for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt Journal Article
In: Psychiatry Res, vol. 285, pp. 112805, 2020, ISSN: 1872-7123.
@article{pmid32035375,
title = {Predictors of emergency department visits for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt},
author = {Lia Gentil and Christophe Huỳnh and Guy Grenier and Marie-Josée Fleury},
doi = {10.1016/j.psychres.2020.112805},
issn = {1872-7123},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Psychiatry Res},
volume = {285},
pages = {112805},
abstract = {OBJECTIVES: This study investigated predictors of emergency department (ED) visits for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in 2014-15 among patients at six Quebec emergency departments (ED), using administrative data.nnMETHODS: Participants (n = 11,778) used ED for suicidal ideation (30.4%); suicide attempt (7.0%); or other reasons (61.7%). A multinomial logistic regression was performed using variables described by the Andersen Behavioral Model.nnRESULTS: The odds of ED visits for suicidal ideation or suicide attempt was high for adjustment disorders, personality disorders, and prior ED consultations for mental health (MH) reasons, but lower for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, illness acuity levels 3-5 (low severity), and 3+ consultations with outpatient psychiatrists. The odds of visiting ED for suicidal ideation increased in depressive disorders, and in the 12-17 year age range, but decreased in association with 1-2 outpatient psychiatrist consultations. The odds of suicide attempt also increased with alcohol use disorders and drug-induced disorders, but decreased with specific MH interventions at local community health services centers.nnCONCLUSION: increasing access to ambulatory care, and care continuity in outreach programs for acute MH disorders, including substance-related disorders, may reduce ED visits for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, while improving overall service delivery.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
OBJECTIVES: This study investigated predictors of emergency department (ED) visits for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in 2014-15 among patients at six Quebec emergency departments (ED), using administrative data.nnMETHODS: Participants (n = 11,778) used ED for suicidal ideation (30.4%); suicide attempt (7.0%); or other reasons (61.7%). A multinomial logistic regression was performed using variables described by the Andersen Behavioral Model.nnRESULTS: The odds of ED visits for suicidal ideation or suicide attempt was high for adjustment disorders, personality disorders, and prior ED consultations for mental health (MH) reasons, but lower for schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders, illness acuity levels 3-5 (low severity), and 3+ consultations with outpatient psychiatrists. The odds of visiting ED for suicidal ideation increased in depressive disorders, and in the 12-17 year age range, but decreased in association with 1-2 outpatient psychiatrist consultations. The odds of suicide attempt also increased with alcohol use disorders and drug-induced disorders, but decreased with specific MH interventions at local community health services centers.nnCONCLUSION: increasing access to ambulatory care, and care continuity in outreach programs for acute MH disorders, including substance-related disorders, may reduce ED visits for suicidal ideation and suicide attempt, while improving overall service delivery.
Ligier, Fabienne; Giguère, Charles-Edouard; Notredame, Charles-Edouard; Lesage, Alain; Renaud, Johanne; Séguin, Monique
In: Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health, vol. 14, pp. 1, 2020, ISSN: 1753-2000.
@article{pmid31956339,
title = {Are school difficulties an early sign for mental disorder diagnosis and suicide prevention? A comparative study of individuals who died by suicide and control group},
author = {Fabienne Ligier and Charles-Edouard Giguère and Charles-Edouard Notredame and Alain Lesage and Johanne Renaud and Monique Séguin},
doi = {10.1186/s13034-019-0308-x},
issn = {1753-2000},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health},
volume = {14},
pages = {1},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Suicide is the third leading cause of death worldwide among youth aged 10- to 19, and mental disorders are often associated in the etiology of suicidal behavior. Mental disorders are often under-diagnosed and under-treated in young people, a situation likely to increase the severity of the disorder and suicide risk. Presence of school difficulties may, in some cases, be a consequence of mental disorder, and theses difficulties are observable. Therefore, early detection and early intervention of school difficulties may alleviate the development of mental disorders and suicide vulnerability. The aim of this study is to understand the link between school difficulties and suicide risk.nnMETHODS: We used the data bank gathered by the McGill Group on Suicide Studies over the past two decades through interviews with the relatives of individuals who died by suicide and with individuals from the community as a control group. We included data on common sociodemographic characteristics, life events and mental health characteristics identified before age 18, among individuals who died before the age of 35 or were interviewed before the age of 35. We identified 200 individuals who died by suicide and 97 living controls. We compared groups according to gender and characteristics.nnRESULTS: Within the total sample, 74% were male, 13% had met with academic failure, 18% had engaged in inappropriate behavior at school, and 18% presented combined school difficulties. Combined school difficulties (academic failure and inappropriate behavior) for both sexes and academic failure alone for males were associated with higher suicide risk before the age of 35. School difficulties generally began in early childhood and were linked to mental disorders/difficulties and substance abuse before age 18.nnCONCLUSIONS: This study underlines the importance for parents, teachers, and educators to identify children with school difficulties-academic failure and behavioral difficulties at school-as early as possible in order to be able to propose adapted interventions. Early identification and proper diagnosis may prevent chronicity of some disorders, accumulation of adverse events, and even suicide.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Suicide is the third leading cause of death worldwide among youth aged 10- to 19, and mental disorders are often associated in the etiology of suicidal behavior. Mental disorders are often under-diagnosed and under-treated in young people, a situation likely to increase the severity of the disorder and suicide risk. Presence of school difficulties may, in some cases, be a consequence of mental disorder, and theses difficulties are observable. Therefore, early detection and early intervention of school difficulties may alleviate the development of mental disorders and suicide vulnerability. The aim of this study is to understand the link between school difficulties and suicide risk.nnMETHODS: We used the data bank gathered by the McGill Group on Suicide Studies over the past two decades through interviews with the relatives of individuals who died by suicide and with individuals from the community as a control group. We included data on common sociodemographic characteristics, life events and mental health characteristics identified before age 18, among individuals who died before the age of 35 or were interviewed before the age of 35. We identified 200 individuals who died by suicide and 97 living controls. We compared groups according to gender and characteristics.nnRESULTS: Within the total sample, 74% were male, 13% had met with academic failure, 18% had engaged in inappropriate behavior at school, and 18% presented combined school difficulties. Combined school difficulties (academic failure and inappropriate behavior) for both sexes and academic failure alone for males were associated with higher suicide risk before the age of 35. School difficulties generally began in early childhood and were linked to mental disorders/difficulties and substance abuse before age 18.nnCONCLUSIONS: This study underlines the importance for parents, teachers, and educators to identify children with school difficulties-academic failure and behavioral difficulties at school-as early as possible in order to be able to propose adapted interventions. Early identification and proper diagnosis may prevent chronicity of some disorders, accumulation of adverse events, and even suicide.
Qi, Bill; MacDonald, Kellie; Berlim, Marcelo T; Fielding, Allan; Lis, Eric; Low, Nancy; Richard-Devantoy, Stéphane; Tourjman, Valerie; Turecki, Gustavo; Trakadis, Yannis
Balance Problems, Paralysis, and Angina as Clinical Markers for Severity in Major Depression Journal Article
In: Front Psychiatry, vol. 11, pp. 567394, 2020, ISSN: 1664-0640.
@article{pmid33424654,
title = {Balance Problems, Paralysis, and Angina as Clinical Markers for Severity in Major Depression},
author = {Bill Qi and Kellie MacDonald and Marcelo T Berlim and Allan Fielding and Eric Lis and Nancy Low and Stéphane Richard-Devantoy and Valerie Tourjman and Gustavo Turecki and Yannis Trakadis},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.567394},
issn = {1664-0640},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Front Psychiatry},
volume = {11},
pages = {567394},
abstract = {Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder. Our hypothesis is that neurological symptoms correlate with the severity of MDD symptoms. One hundred eighty-four outpatients with MDD completed a self-report questionnaire on past and present medical history. Patients were divided into three roughly equal depression severity levels based on scores from the APA Severity Measure for Depression-Adult ( = 66, 58, 60, for low, medium, high severity, respectively). We saw a significant and gradual increase in the frequency of "muscular paralysis" (1.5-5.2-16.7%) and "balance problems" (21.2-36.2-46.6%) from low to medium to high severity groups. We repeated the analysis using only the two most extreme severity categories: low severity (66 samples) vs. high severity (60 samples). High severity patients were also found to experience more "angina" symptoms than low severity patients (27.3 vs. 50%). The three significant clinical variables identified were introduced into a binary logistic regression model as the independent variables with high or low severity as the dependent variable. Both "muscular paralysis" and "balance problems" were significantly associated with increased severity of depression (odds ratio of 13.5 and 2.9, respectively), while "angina" was associated with an increase in severity with an odds ratio of 2.0, albeit not significantly. We show that neurological exam or clinical history could be useful biomarkers for depression severity. Our findings, if replicated, could lead to a simple clinical scale administered regularly for monitoring patients with MDD.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a heterogeneous disorder. Our hypothesis is that neurological symptoms correlate with the severity of MDD symptoms. One hundred eighty-four outpatients with MDD completed a self-report questionnaire on past and present medical history. Patients were divided into three roughly equal depression severity levels based on scores from the APA Severity Measure for Depression-Adult ( = 66, 58, 60, for low, medium, high severity, respectively). We saw a significant and gradual increase in the frequency of "muscular paralysis" (1.5-5.2-16.7%) and "balance problems" (21.2-36.2-46.6%) from low to medium to high severity groups. We repeated the analysis using only the two most extreme severity categories: low severity (66 samples) vs. high severity (60 samples). High severity patients were also found to experience more "angina" symptoms than low severity patients (27.3 vs. 50%). The three significant clinical variables identified were introduced into a binary logistic regression model as the independent variables with high or low severity as the dependent variable. Both "muscular paralysis" and "balance problems" were significantly associated with increased severity of depression (odds ratio of 13.5 and 2.9, respectively), while "angina" was associated with an increase in severity with an odds ratio of 2.0, albeit not significantly. We show that neurological exam or clinical history could be useful biomarkers for depression severity. Our findings, if replicated, could lead to a simple clinical scale administered regularly for monitoring patients with MDD.
Haspel, Jeffrey A; Anafi, Ron; Brown, Marishka K; Cermakian, Nicolas; Depner, Christopher; Desplats, Paula; Gelman, Andrew E; Haack, Monika; Jelic, Sanja; Kim, Brian S; Laposky, Aaron D; Lee, Yvonne C; Mongodin, Emmanuel; Prather, Aric A; Prendergast, Brian J; Reardon, Colin; Shaw, Albert C; Sengupta, Shaon; Szentirmai, Éva; Thakkar, Mahesh; Walker, Wendy E; Solt, Laura A
Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity - an NIH workshop summary Journal Article
In: JCI Insight, vol. 5, no. 1, 2020, ISSN: 2379-3708.
@article{pmid31941836,
title = {Perfect timing: circadian rhythms, sleep, and immunity - an NIH workshop summary},
author = {Jeffrey A Haspel and Ron Anafi and Marishka K Brown and Nicolas Cermakian and Christopher Depner and Paula Desplats and Andrew E Gelman and Monika Haack and Sanja Jelic and Brian S Kim and Aaron D Laposky and Yvonne C Lee and Emmanuel Mongodin and Aric A Prather and Brian J Prendergast and Colin Reardon and Albert C Shaw and Shaon Sengupta and Éva Szentirmai and Mahesh Thakkar and Wendy E Walker and Laura A Solt},
doi = {10.1172/jci.insight.131487},
issn = {2379-3708},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {JCI Insight},
volume = {5},
number = {1},
abstract = {Recent discoveries demonstrate a critical role for circadian rhythms and sleep in immune system homeostasis. Both innate and adaptive immune responses - ranging from leukocyte mobilization, trafficking, and chemotaxis to cytokine release and T cell differentiation -are mediated in a time of day-dependent manner. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop, "Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, and the Immune Response," to highlight new research linking sleep and circadian biology to immune function and to identify areas of high translational potential. This Review summarizes topics discussed and highlights immediate opportunities for delineating clinically relevant connections among biological rhythms, sleep, and immune regulation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recent discoveries demonstrate a critical role for circadian rhythms and sleep in immune system homeostasis. Both innate and adaptive immune responses - ranging from leukocyte mobilization, trafficking, and chemotaxis to cytokine release and T cell differentiation -are mediated in a time of day-dependent manner. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) recently sponsored an interdisciplinary workshop, "Sleep Insufficiency, Circadian Misalignment, and the Immune Response," to highlight new research linking sleep and circadian biology to immune function and to identify areas of high translational potential. This Review summarizes topics discussed and highlights immediate opportunities for delineating clinically relevant connections among biological rhythms, sleep, and immune regulation.
Whitley, Rob; Sitter, Kathleen C; Adamson, Gavin; Carmichael, Victoria
Can participatory video reduce mental illness stigma? Results from a Canadian action-research study of feasibility and impact Journal Article
In: BMC Psychiatry, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 16, 2020, ISSN: 1471-244X.
@article{pmid31918689,
title = {Can participatory video reduce mental illness stigma? Results from a Canadian action-research study of feasibility and impact},
author = {Rob Whitley and Kathleen C Sitter and Gavin Adamson and Victoria Carmichael},
doi = {10.1186/s12888-020-2429-4},
issn = {1471-244X},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {BMC Psychiatry},
volume = {20},
number = {1},
pages = {16},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that stigma against people with mental illness remains high. This demands innovative approaches to reduce stigma. One innovative stigma reduction method is participatory video (PV), whereby marginalized people come together to script, film and produce bottom-up educational videos about shared issues. These videos are then shown to target groups. This paper has two objectives (i) to examine the feasibility of using participatory video with people with severe mental illness (SMI); and (ii) to assess viewer impressions of the resultant videos and subsequent subjective impact.nnMETHODS: We conducted a participatory action research study with three workgroups of people with severe mental illness situated in different Canadian cities, who set out to create and disseminate locally-grounded mental-health themed videos. This involved process and outcome evaluation to assess feasibility and impact. Specifically, we (i) observed fidelity to a co-designed action-plan in all three workgroups; (ii) distributed brief purpose-built questionnaires to viewers at organized screenings to assess preliminary impact; and (iii) conducted focus groups with viewers to elicit further impressions of the videos and subsequent subjective impact.nnRESULTS: The three workgroups achieved high-fidelity to the action-plan. They successfully produced a total of 26 videos, over double the targeted number, during an 18-month period. Likewise, the workgroups organized 49 screenings at a range of venues attended by 1542 people, again exceeding the action-plan targets. Results from the viewer questionnaires (N = 1104, response rate 72%) indicated that viewers reported that their understandings had improved after watching the videos. Four themes emerged from six viewer focus groups (N = 30), with participants frequently noting that videos were (i) educational and informative; (ii) real and relatable; (iii) attention-grabbing; and (iv) change-inducing.nnCONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this study is the first large-scale multi-site project examining the feasibility and impact of a participatory video program for people with severe mental illness. The results indicate that participatory video is a feasible method in this population and gives preliminary evidence that resultant videos can reduce viewer stigma. Thus, participatory video should be considered a promising practice in the ongoing effort to reduce mental illness stigma.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Evidence suggests that stigma against people with mental illness remains high. This demands innovative approaches to reduce stigma. One innovative stigma reduction method is participatory video (PV), whereby marginalized people come together to script, film and produce bottom-up educational videos about shared issues. These videos are then shown to target groups. This paper has two objectives (i) to examine the feasibility of using participatory video with people with severe mental illness (SMI); and (ii) to assess viewer impressions of the resultant videos and subsequent subjective impact.nnMETHODS: We conducted a participatory action research study with three workgroups of people with severe mental illness situated in different Canadian cities, who set out to create and disseminate locally-grounded mental-health themed videos. This involved process and outcome evaluation to assess feasibility and impact. Specifically, we (i) observed fidelity to a co-designed action-plan in all three workgroups; (ii) distributed brief purpose-built questionnaires to viewers at organized screenings to assess preliminary impact; and (iii) conducted focus groups with viewers to elicit further impressions of the videos and subsequent subjective impact.nnRESULTS: The three workgroups achieved high-fidelity to the action-plan. They successfully produced a total of 26 videos, over double the targeted number, during an 18-month period. Likewise, the workgroups organized 49 screenings at a range of venues attended by 1542 people, again exceeding the action-plan targets. Results from the viewer questionnaires (N = 1104, response rate 72%) indicated that viewers reported that their understandings had improved after watching the videos. Four themes emerged from six viewer focus groups (N = 30), with participants frequently noting that videos were (i) educational and informative; (ii) real and relatable; (iii) attention-grabbing; and (iv) change-inducing.nnCONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this study is the first large-scale multi-site project examining the feasibility and impact of a participatory video program for people with severe mental illness. The results indicate that participatory video is a feasible method in this population and gives preliminary evidence that resultant videos can reduce viewer stigma. Thus, participatory video should be considered a promising practice in the ongoing effort to reduce mental illness stigma.
Kebe, Nicolas Ndibu Muntu Keba; Chiocchio, François; Bamvita, Jean-Marie; Fleury, Marie-Josée
Variables associated with interprofessional collaboration: a comparison between primary healthcare and specialized mental health teams Journal Article
In: BMC Fam Pract, vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 4, 2020, ISSN: 1471-2296.
@article{pmid31914942,
title = {Variables associated with interprofessional collaboration: a comparison between primary healthcare and specialized mental health teams},
author = {Nicolas Ndibu Muntu Keba Kebe and François Chiocchio and Jean-Marie Bamvita and Marie-Josée Fleury},
doi = {10.1186/s12875-019-1076-7},
issn = {1471-2296},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {BMC Fam Pract},
volume = {21},
number = {1},
pages = {4},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: This study has two aims: first, to identify variables associated with interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among a total of 315 Quebec mental health (MH) professionals working in MH primary care teams (PCTs, N = 101) or in specialized service teams (SSTs, N = 214); and second, to compare IPC associated variables in MH-PCTs vs MH-SSTs.nnMETHODS: A large number of variables acknowledged as strongly related to IPC in the literature were tested. Multivariate regression models were performed on MH-PCTs and MH-SSTs respectively.nnRESULTS: Results showed that knowledge integration, team climate and multifocal identification were independently and positively associated with IPC in both MH-PCTs and MH-SSTs. By contrast, knowledge sharing was positively associated with IPC in MH-PCTs only, and organizational support positively associated with IPC in MH-SSTs. Finally, one variable (age) was significantly and negatively associated with IPC in SSTs.nnCONCLUSIONS: Improving IPC and making MH teams more successful require the development and implementation of differentiated professional skills in MH-PCTs and MH-SSTs by care managers depending upon the level of care required (primary or specialized). Training is also needed for the promotion of interdisciplinary values and improvement of interprofessional knowledge regarding IPC.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: This study has two aims: first, to identify variables associated with interprofessional collaboration (IPC) among a total of 315 Quebec mental health (MH) professionals working in MH primary care teams (PCTs, N = 101) or in specialized service teams (SSTs, N = 214); and second, to compare IPC associated variables in MH-PCTs vs MH-SSTs.nnMETHODS: A large number of variables acknowledged as strongly related to IPC in the literature were tested. Multivariate regression models were performed on MH-PCTs and MH-SSTs respectively.nnRESULTS: Results showed that knowledge integration, team climate and multifocal identification were independently and positively associated with IPC in both MH-PCTs and MH-SSTs. By contrast, knowledge sharing was positively associated with IPC in MH-PCTs only, and organizational support positively associated with IPC in MH-SSTs. Finally, one variable (age) was significantly and negatively associated with IPC in SSTs.nnCONCLUSIONS: Improving IPC and making MH teams more successful require the development and implementation of differentiated professional skills in MH-PCTs and MH-SSTs by care managers depending upon the level of care required (primary or specialized). Training is also needed for the promotion of interdisciplinary values and improvement of interprofessional knowledge regarding IPC.
Lussier, Firoza Z; Pascoal, Tharick A; Chamoun, Mira; Therriault, Joseph; Tissot, Cécile; Savard, Mélissa; Kang, Min Su; Mathotaarachchi, Sulantha; Benedet, Andrea L; Parsons, Marlee; Qureshi, Muhammad Naveed Iqbal; Thomas, Émilie M; Shin, Monica; Dion, Laurie-Anne; Massarweh, Gassan; Soucy, Jean-Paul; Tsai, I-Huang; Vitali, Paolo; Ismail, Zahinoor; Rosa-Neto, Pedro; Gauthier, Serge
Mild behavioral impairment is associated with β-amyloid but not tau or neurodegeneration in cognitively intact elderly individuals Journal Article
In: Alzheimers Dement, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 192–199, 2020, ISSN: 1552-5279.
@article{pmid31914223,
title = {Mild behavioral impairment is associated with β-amyloid but not tau or neurodegeneration in cognitively intact elderly individuals},
author = {Firoza Z Lussier and Tharick A Pascoal and Mira Chamoun and Joseph Therriault and Cécile Tissot and Mélissa Savard and Min Su Kang and Sulantha Mathotaarachchi and Andrea L Benedet and Marlee Parsons and Muhammad Naveed Iqbal Qureshi and Émilie M Thomas and Monica Shin and Laurie-Anne Dion and Gassan Massarweh and Jean-Paul Soucy and I-Huang Tsai and Paolo Vitali and Zahinoor Ismail and Pedro Rosa-Neto and Serge Gauthier},
doi = {10.1002/alz.12007},
issn = {1552-5279},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Alzheimers Dement},
volume = {16},
number = {1},
pages = {192--199},
abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is characterized by the emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly persons. Here, we examine the associations between MBI and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in asymptomatic elderly individuals.nnMETHODS: Ninety-six cognitively normal elderly individuals underwent MRI, [ F]AZD4694 β-amyloid-PET, and [ F]MK6240 tau-PET. MBI was assessed using the MBI Checklist (MBI-C). Pearson's correlations and voxel-based regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between MBI-C score and [ F]AZD4694 retention, [ F]MK6240 retention, and gray matter (GM) volume.nnRESULTS: Pearson correlations revealed a positive relationship between MBI-C score and global and striatal [ F]AZD4694 standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs). Voxel-based regression analyses revealed a positive correlation between MBI-C score and [ F]AZD4694 retention. No significant correlations were found between MBI-C score and [ F]MK6240 retention or GM volume.nnCONCLUSION: We demonstrate for the first time a link between MBI and early AD pathology in a cognitively intact elderly population, supporting the use of the MBI-C as a metric to enhance clinical trial enrolment.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
INTRODUCTION: Mild behavioral impairment (MBI) is characterized by the emergence of neuropsychiatric symptoms in elderly persons. Here, we examine the associations between MBI and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers in asymptomatic elderly individuals.nnMETHODS: Ninety-six cognitively normal elderly individuals underwent MRI, [ F]AZD4694 β-amyloid-PET, and [ F]MK6240 tau-PET. MBI was assessed using the MBI Checklist (MBI-C). Pearson's correlations and voxel-based regressions were used to evaluate the relationship between MBI-C score and [ F]AZD4694 retention, [ F]MK6240 retention, and gray matter (GM) volume.nnRESULTS: Pearson correlations revealed a positive relationship between MBI-C score and global and striatal [ F]AZD4694 standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs). Voxel-based regression analyses revealed a positive correlation between MBI-C score and [ F]AZD4694 retention. No significant correlations were found between MBI-C score and [ F]MK6240 retention or GM volume.nnCONCLUSION: We demonstrate for the first time a link between MBI and early AD pathology in a cognitively intact elderly population, supporting the use of the MBI-C as a metric to enhance clinical trial enrolment.
Etter, Guillaume; Manseau, Frederic; Williams, Sylvain
Corrigendum: A Probabilistic Framework for Decoding Behavior From Calcium Imaging Data Miscellaneous
2020, ISSN: 1662-5110.
@misc{pmid33362480,
title = {Corrigendum: A Probabilistic Framework for Decoding Behavior From Calcium Imaging Data},
author = {Guillaume Etter and Frederic Manseau and Sylvain Williams},
doi = {10.3389/fncir.2020.629162},
issn = {1662-5110},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Front Neural Circuits},
volume = {14},
pages = {629162},
abstract = {[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00019.].},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {misc}
}
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2020.00019.].
Gerritsen, Cory; Iyengar, Yajur; DaSilva, Tania; Koppel, Alex; Rusjan, Pablo; Bagby, R Michael; Mizrahi, Romina
Personality traits in psychosis and psychosis risk linked to TSPO expression: a neuroimmune marker Journal Article
In: Personal Neurosci, vol. 3, pp. e14, 2020, ISSN: 2513-9886.
@article{pmid33354652,
title = {Personality traits in psychosis and psychosis risk linked to TSPO expression: a neuroimmune marker},
author = {Cory Gerritsen and Yajur Iyengar and Tania DaSilva and Alex Koppel and Pablo Rusjan and R Michael Bagby and Romina Mizrahi},
doi = {10.1017/pen.2020.14},
issn = {2513-9886},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Personal Neurosci},
volume = {3},
pages = {e14},
abstract = {Personality has been correlated with differences in cytokine expression, an indicator of peripheral inflammation; however, the associations between personality and central markers of inflammation have never been investigated in humans. Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and the first responders to tissue damage and brain insult. Microglial activation is associated with elevated expression of translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO), which can be imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) to quantify immune activation in the human brain. This study aimed to investigate the association between personality and TSPO expression across the psychosis spectrum. A total of 61 high-resolution [F]FEPPA PET scans were conducted in 28 individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, 19 First-Episode Psychosis (FEP), and 14 healthy volunteers (HVs), and analyzed using a two-tissue compartment model and plasma input function to obtain a total volume of distribution (V) as an index of brain TSPO expression (controlling for the rs6971 TSPO polymorphism). Personality was assessed using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). We found TSPO expression to be specifically associated with neuroticism. A positive association between TSPO expression and neuroticism was found in HVs, in contrast to a nonsignificant, negative association in CHR and significant negative association in FEP. The TSPO-associated neuroticism trait indicates an unexplored connection between neuroimmune activation and personality that varies across the psychosis spectrum.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Personality has been correlated with differences in cytokine expression, an indicator of peripheral inflammation; however, the associations between personality and central markers of inflammation have never been investigated in humans. Microglia are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system, and the first responders to tissue damage and brain insult. Microglial activation is associated with elevated expression of translocator protein 18kDa (TSPO), which can be imaged with positron emission tomography (PET) to quantify immune activation in the human brain. This study aimed to investigate the association between personality and TSPO expression across the psychosis spectrum. A total of 61 high-resolution [F]FEPPA PET scans were conducted in 28 individuals at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, 19 First-Episode Psychosis (FEP), and 14 healthy volunteers (HVs), and analyzed using a two-tissue compartment model and plasma input function to obtain a total volume of distribution (V) as an index of brain TSPO expression (controlling for the rs6971 TSPO polymorphism). Personality was assessed using the Revised NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R). We found TSPO expression to be specifically associated with neuroticism. A positive association between TSPO expression and neuroticism was found in HVs, in contrast to a nonsignificant, negative association in CHR and significant negative association in FEP. The TSPO-associated neuroticism trait indicates an unexplored connection between neuroimmune activation and personality that varies across the psychosis spectrum.
Dikaios, Elena; Sekhon, Harmehr; Allard, Alexandre; Vacaflor, Blanca; Goodman, Allana; Dwyer, Emmett; Lavin-Gonzalez, Paola; Mahdanian, Artin; Park, Haley; Walsh, Chesley; Sasi, Neeti; Nazar, Rim; Gruber, Johanna; Su, Chien-Lin; Hanganu, Cezara; Royal, Isabelle; Schiavetto, Alessandra; Cinalioglu, Karin; Rigas, Christina; Launay, Cyrille; Beauchet, Olivier; McDonald, Emily; Seitz, Dallas; Kumar, Sanjeev; Nair, Vasavan; Miresco, Marc; Bruneau, Marie-Andrée; Alexopoulos, George; Looper, Karl; Vahia, Ipsit; Rej, Soham; Bukhari, Syeda Nayab
Connecting During COVID-19: A Protocol of a Volunteer-Based Telehealth Program for Supporting Older Adults' Health Journal Article
In: Front Psychiatry, vol. 11, pp. 598356, 2020, ISSN: 1664-0640.
@article{pmid33343425,
title = {Connecting During COVID-19: A Protocol of a Volunteer-Based Telehealth Program for Supporting Older Adults' Health},
author = {Elena Dikaios and Harmehr Sekhon and Alexandre Allard and Blanca Vacaflor and Allana Goodman and Emmett Dwyer and Paola Lavin-Gonzalez and Artin Mahdanian and Haley Park and Chesley Walsh and Neeti Sasi and Rim Nazar and Johanna Gruber and Chien-Lin Su and Cezara Hanganu and Isabelle Royal and Alessandra Schiavetto and Karin Cinalioglu and Christina Rigas and Cyrille Launay and Olivier Beauchet and Emily McDonald and Dallas Seitz and Sanjeev Kumar and Vasavan Nair and Marc Miresco and Marie-Andrée Bruneau and George Alexopoulos and Karl Looper and Ipsit Vahia and Soham Rej and Syeda Nayab Bukhari},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.598356},
issn = {1664-0640},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Front Psychiatry},
volume = {11},
pages = {598356},
abstract = { Social-distancing due to COVID-19 has led to social isolation, stress, and mental health issues in older adults, while overwhelming healthcare systems worldwide. Telehealth involving phone calls by trained volunteers is understudied and may be a low-cost, scalable, and valuable preventive tool for mental health. In this context, from patient participatory volunteer initiatives, we have adapted and developed an innovative volunteer-based telehealth intervention program for older adults (TIP-OA). To evaluate TIP-OA, we are conducting a mixed-methods longitudinal observational study. TIP-OA clients are older adults (age ≥ 60) recruited in Montreal, Quebec. TIP-OA volunteers make weekly friendly phone calls to seniors to check in, form connections, provide information about COVID-19, and connect clients to community resources as needed. Perceived stress, fear surrounding COVID-19, depression, and anxiety will be assessed at baseline, and at 4- and 8-weeks. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups will be conducted to assess the experiences of clients, volunteers, and stakeholders. As of October 15th, 2020, 150 volunteers have been trained to provide TIP-OA to 305 older clients. We will consecutively select 200 clients receiving TIP-OA for quantitative data collection, plus 16 volunteers and 8 clinicians for focus groups, and 15 volunteers, 10 stakeholders, and 25 clients for semi-structured interviews. During COVID-19, healthcare professionals' decreased availability and increased needs related to geriatric mental health are expected. If successful and scalable, volunteer-based TIP-OA may help prevent and improve mental health concerns, improve community participation, and decrease healthcare utilization. : ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04523610; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04523610?term=NCT04523610&draw=2&rank=1.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Social-distancing due to COVID-19 has led to social isolation, stress, and mental health issues in older adults, while overwhelming healthcare systems worldwide. Telehealth involving phone calls by trained volunteers is understudied and may be a low-cost, scalable, and valuable preventive tool for mental health. In this context, from patient participatory volunteer initiatives, we have adapted and developed an innovative volunteer-based telehealth intervention program for older adults (TIP-OA). To evaluate TIP-OA, we are conducting a mixed-methods longitudinal observational study. TIP-OA clients are older adults (age ≥ 60) recruited in Montreal, Quebec. TIP-OA volunteers make weekly friendly phone calls to seniors to check in, form connections, provide information about COVID-19, and connect clients to community resources as needed. Perceived stress, fear surrounding COVID-19, depression, and anxiety will be assessed at baseline, and at 4- and 8-weeks. Semi-structured interviews and focus groups will be conducted to assess the experiences of clients, volunteers, and stakeholders. As of October 15th, 2020, 150 volunteers have been trained to provide TIP-OA to 305 older clients. We will consecutively select 200 clients receiving TIP-OA for quantitative data collection, plus 16 volunteers and 8 clinicians for focus groups, and 15 volunteers, 10 stakeholders, and 25 clients for semi-structured interviews. During COVID-19, healthcare professionals' decreased availability and increased needs related to geriatric mental health are expected. If successful and scalable, volunteer-based TIP-OA may help prevent and improve mental health concerns, improve community participation, and decrease healthcare utilization. : ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04523610; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04523610?term=NCT04523610&draw=2&rank=1.
Gulli, Roberto A; Duong, Lyndon R; Corrigan, Benjamin W; Doucet, Guillaume; Williams, Sylvain; Fusi, Stefano; Martinez-Trujillo, Julio C
Context-dependent representations of objects and space in the primate hippocampus during virtual navigation Journal Article
In: Nat Neurosci, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 103–112, 2020, ISSN: 1546-1726.
@article{pmid31873285,
title = {Context-dependent representations of objects and space in the primate hippocampus during virtual navigation},
author = {Roberto A Gulli and Lyndon R Duong and Benjamin W Corrigan and Guillaume Doucet and Sylvain Williams and Stefano Fusi and Julio C Martinez-Trujillo},
doi = {10.1038/s41593-019-0548-3},
issn = {1546-1726},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Nat Neurosci},
volume = {23},
number = {1},
pages = {103--112},
abstract = {The hippocampus is implicated in associative memory and spatial navigation. To investigate how these functions are mixed in the hippocampus, we recorded from single hippocampal neurons in macaque monkeys navigating a virtual maze during a foraging task and a context-object associative memory task. During both tasks, single neurons encoded information about spatial position; a linear classifier also decoded position. However, the population code for space did not generalize across tasks, particularly where stimuli relevant to the associative memory task appeared. Single-neuron and population-level analyses revealed that cross-task changes were due to selectivity for nonspatial features of the associative memory task when they were visually available (perceptual coding) and following their disappearance (mnemonic coding). Our results show that neurons in the primate hippocampus nonlinearly mix information about space and nonspatial elements of the environment in a task-dependent manner; this efficient code flexibly represents unique perceptual experiences and correspondent memories.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The hippocampus is implicated in associative memory and spatial navigation. To investigate how these functions are mixed in the hippocampus, we recorded from single hippocampal neurons in macaque monkeys navigating a virtual maze during a foraging task and a context-object associative memory task. During both tasks, single neurons encoded information about spatial position; a linear classifier also decoded position. However, the population code for space did not generalize across tasks, particularly where stimuli relevant to the associative memory task appeared. Single-neuron and population-level analyses revealed that cross-task changes were due to selectivity for nonspatial features of the associative memory task when they were visually available (perceptual coding) and following their disappearance (mnemonic coding). Our results show that neurons in the primate hippocampus nonlinearly mix information about space and nonspatial elements of the environment in a task-dependent manner; this efficient code flexibly represents unique perceptual experiences and correspondent memories.
Kwan, Angela Tian Hui; Arfaie, Saman; Therriault, Joseph; Rosa-Neto, Pedro; Gauthier, Serge
Lessons Learnt from the Second Generation of Anti-Amyloid Monoclonal Antibodies Clinical Trials Journal Article
In: Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, vol. 49, no. 4, pp. 334–348, 2020, ISSN: 1421-9824.
@article{pmid33321511,
title = {Lessons Learnt from the Second Generation of Anti-Amyloid Monoclonal Antibodies Clinical Trials},
author = {Angela Tian Hui Kwan and Saman Arfaie and Joseph Therriault and Pedro Rosa-Neto and Serge Gauthier},
doi = {10.1159/000511506},
issn = {1421-9824},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord},
volume = {49},
number = {4},
pages = {334--348},
abstract = {BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathophysiology that affects over 50 million people worldwide. Most drug therapies, to date, have focused on targeting the amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathway, but clinical outcomes of anti-Aβ antibodies have been unsuccessful and unable to meet their primary endpoints. Similar trends have also been observed in treatments that target the tau pathway.nnSUMMARY: This paper reviews recent anti-Aβ passive monotherapies, since Bapineuzumab, that have progressed to phase 3 clinical trials. Specifically, we discuss the 4 clinical trial programs of Solanezumab (targets Aβ monomers), Aducanumab (targets Aβ oligomers and plaques), Crenezumab (targets Aβ oligomers), and Gantenerumab (targets Aβ fibrils) which are all exogenous monoclonal antibodies. We conclude with potential reasons for why they have not met their primary endpoints and discuss lessons learnt from these trials. Key Message: Future disease-modifying trials (DMTs) for AD should be conducted in asymptomatic, Aβ-positive individuals. Moreover, potential additive and/or synergistic benefits focusing on anti-Aβ and anti-tau drug combinations merit further investigation.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder with complex pathophysiology that affects over 50 million people worldwide. Most drug therapies, to date, have focused on targeting the amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathway, but clinical outcomes of anti-Aβ antibodies have been unsuccessful and unable to meet their primary endpoints. Similar trends have also been observed in treatments that target the tau pathway.nnSUMMARY: This paper reviews recent anti-Aβ passive monotherapies, since Bapineuzumab, that have progressed to phase 3 clinical trials. Specifically, we discuss the 4 clinical trial programs of Solanezumab (targets Aβ monomers), Aducanumab (targets Aβ oligomers and plaques), Crenezumab (targets Aβ oligomers), and Gantenerumab (targets Aβ fibrils) which are all exogenous monoclonal antibodies. We conclude with potential reasons for why they have not met their primary endpoints and discuss lessons learnt from these trials. Key Message: Future disease-modifying trials (DMTs) for AD should be conducted in asymptomatic, Aβ-positive individuals. Moreover, potential additive and/or synergistic benefits focusing on anti-Aβ and anti-tau drug combinations merit further investigation.
Sapkota, Ram P; Brunet, Alain; Kirmayer, Laurence J
Characteristics of Adolescents Affected by Mass Psychogenic Illness Outbreaks in Schools in Nepal: A Case-Control Study Journal Article
In: Front Psychiatry, vol. 11, pp. 493094, 2020, ISSN: 1664-0640.
@article{pmid33312130,
title = {Characteristics of Adolescents Affected by Mass Psychogenic Illness Outbreaks in Schools in Nepal: A Case-Control Study},
author = {Ram P Sapkota and Alain Brunet and Laurence J Kirmayer},
doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2020.493094},
issn = {1664-0640},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Front Psychiatry},
volume = {11},
pages = {493094},
abstract = {This paper presents the first systematic case-control study of correlates of mass psychogenic illness (MPI) in an adolescent school population. MPI is generally construed as a dissociative phenomenon spread by social contagion to individuals who are prone to dissociation. We sought to test if the correlates of dissociative experiences most commonly proposed in the literature could predict caseness among students affected by episodes of mass psychogenic illness occurring in schools in Nepal. We assessed 194 cases and 190 controls ( = 384) of ages 11-18 years from 12 public schools. Cases and controls were comparable on all demographic variables, except for family configuration, with nuclear families more common among those affected. In bivariate comparisons, caseness was associated with childhood physical neglect and abuse, as well as living in nuclear families, peritraumatic dissociation, dissociative tendencies, and depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Hypnotizability emerged as the strongest correlate of psychogenic illness among the cognitive and personality trait variables. However, in multivariable logistic regression, the correlates of dissociation did not predict caseness, suggesting that they do not adequately account for the phenomenon of mass psychogenic illness. An Classification and Regression Trees analysis showed that if an adolescent was highly hypnotizable and reported high rates of peritraumatic dissociative experiences, then there was a 73% probability of being a case in a mass psychogenic illness episode. Future studies involving other psychological, social and cultural factors, as well as school- and family-related factors are needed to understand the correlates of mass psychogenic illness and guide prevention and intervention.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper presents the first systematic case-control study of correlates of mass psychogenic illness (MPI) in an adolescent school population. MPI is generally construed as a dissociative phenomenon spread by social contagion to individuals who are prone to dissociation. We sought to test if the correlates of dissociative experiences most commonly proposed in the literature could predict caseness among students affected by episodes of mass psychogenic illness occurring in schools in Nepal. We assessed 194 cases and 190 controls ( = 384) of ages 11-18 years from 12 public schools. Cases and controls were comparable on all demographic variables, except for family configuration, with nuclear families more common among those affected. In bivariate comparisons, caseness was associated with childhood physical neglect and abuse, as well as living in nuclear families, peritraumatic dissociation, dissociative tendencies, and depressive and post-traumatic stress symptoms. Hypnotizability emerged as the strongest correlate of psychogenic illness among the cognitive and personality trait variables. However, in multivariable logistic regression, the correlates of dissociation did not predict caseness, suggesting that they do not adequately account for the phenomenon of mass psychogenic illness. An Classification and Regression Trees analysis showed that if an adolescent was highly hypnotizable and reported high rates of peritraumatic dissociative experiences, then there was a 73% probability of being a case in a mass psychogenic illness episode. Future studies involving other psychological, social and cultural factors, as well as school- and family-related factors are needed to understand the correlates of mass psychogenic illness and guide prevention and intervention.
Grenier, Marie-Lyne; Zafran, Hiba; Roy, Laurence
Current Landscape of Teaching Diversity in Occupational Therapy Education: A Scoping Review Journal Article
In: Am J Occup Ther, vol. 74, no. 6, pp. 7406205100p1–7406205100p15, 2020, ISSN: 0272-9490.
@article{pmid33275570,
title = {Current Landscape of Teaching Diversity in Occupational Therapy Education: A Scoping Review},
author = {Marie-Lyne Grenier and Hiba Zafran and Laurence Roy},
doi = {10.5014/ajot.2020.044214},
issn = {0272-9490},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Am J Occup Ther},
volume = {74},
number = {6},
pages = {7406205100p1--7406205100p15},
abstract = {IMPORTANCE: Critical research in health professions education makes clear the role of educational institutions in perpetuating problematic discourses related to diversity, as well as their potential role in dismantling and rebuilding those discourses to reflect the realities of power relations that create systemic injustice.nnOBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive overview of current pedagogical practices and educational paradigms used by occupational therapy educators to teach concepts of, and skills for, equity and diversity.nnDATA SOURCES: Seven education and health care databases were searched for articles published between 2007 and 2018.nnSTUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION: Consensually developed criteria were refined until an agreement rate of >80% was achieved among the authors. Inclusion criteria focused on entry-level occupational therapy education across the world and explicitly examined approaches to teaching diversity. All articles meeting the criteria were kept for full-text review (N = 87).nnFINDINGS: Diversity in professional occupational therapy education programs is taught within five main underlying educational paradigms and theories: competency-based (44%), social justice (29%), critical (11%), social accountability (10%), and constructivism (6%). Within these paradigms, 14 key pedagogical practices were applied, with community service learning (37%), international service learning (25%), and didactic or course-based practices (23%) making up the majority of pedagogical practices.nnCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although current occupational therapy research demonstrates a trend toward critical paradigms and practices, problematic cultural competency theories and uncritical international service learning practices continue to dominate occupational therapy education for diversity. Educators should implement pedagogies and approaches within critical educational paradigms.nnWHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS: This article highlights the importance to occupational therapy education of attending to coherence across educational ethics, paradigms, and learning outcomes in teaching for diversity and health equity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
IMPORTANCE: Critical research in health professions education makes clear the role of educational institutions in perpetuating problematic discourses related to diversity, as well as their potential role in dismantling and rebuilding those discourses to reflect the realities of power relations that create systemic injustice.nnOBJECTIVE: To provide a comprehensive overview of current pedagogical practices and educational paradigms used by occupational therapy educators to teach concepts of, and skills for, equity and diversity.nnDATA SOURCES: Seven education and health care databases were searched for articles published between 2007 and 2018.nnSTUDY SELECTION AND DATA COLLECTION: Consensually developed criteria were refined until an agreement rate of >80% was achieved among the authors. Inclusion criteria focused on entry-level occupational therapy education across the world and explicitly examined approaches to teaching diversity. All articles meeting the criteria were kept for full-text review (N = 87).nnFINDINGS: Diversity in professional occupational therapy education programs is taught within five main underlying educational paradigms and theories: competency-based (44%), social justice (29%), critical (11%), social accountability (10%), and constructivism (6%). Within these paradigms, 14 key pedagogical practices were applied, with community service learning (37%), international service learning (25%), and didactic or course-based practices (23%) making up the majority of pedagogical practices.nnCONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Although current occupational therapy research demonstrates a trend toward critical paradigms and practices, problematic cultural competency theories and uncritical international service learning practices continue to dominate occupational therapy education for diversity. Educators should implement pedagogies and approaches within critical educational paradigms.nnWHAT THIS ARTICLE ADDS: This article highlights the importance to occupational therapy education of attending to coherence across educational ethics, paradigms, and learning outcomes in teaching for diversity and health equity.
Thaler, Lea; Brassard, Sarah; Booij, Linda; Kahan, Esther; McGregor, Kevin; Labbe, Aurelie; Israel, Mimi; Steiger, Howard
Methylation of the OXTR gene in women with anorexia nervosa: Relationship to social behavior Journal Article
In: Eur Eat Disord Rev, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 79–86, 2020, ISSN: 1099-0968.
@article{pmid31823473,
title = {Methylation of the OXTR gene in women with anorexia nervosa: Relationship to social behavior},
author = {Lea Thaler and Sarah Brassard and Linda Booij and Esther Kahan and Kevin McGregor and Aurelie Labbe and Mimi Israel and Howard Steiger},
doi = {10.1002/erv.2703},
issn = {1099-0968},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-01-01},
journal = {Eur Eat Disord Rev},
volume = {28},
number = {1},
pages = {79--86},
abstract = {DNA methylation allows for the environmental regulation of gene expression and is believed to link environmental stressors to psychiatric disorder phenotypes, such as anorexia nervosa (AN). The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene is epigenetically regulated, and studies have shown associations between OXTR and social behaviours in various samples, including women with AN. The present study examined differential levels of methylation at various CG sites of the OXTR gene in 69 women with active AN (AN-Active), 21 in whom AN was in remission (AN-Rem) and 35 with no eating disorder (NED). Within each group, we explored the correlation between methylation and measures of social behaviour such as insecure attachment and social avoidance. Hypermethylation of a number of CG sites was seen in AN-Active participants as compared with AN-Rem and NED participants. In the AN-Rem sample, methylation at CG27501759 was significantly positively correlated with insecure attachment (r = .614, p = .003, permutation Q = 0.008) and social avoidance (r = .588, p = .005, permutation Q = 0.0184). Our results highlight differential methylation of the OXTR gene among women with AN, those in remission from AN, and those who never had AN and provide some evidence of associations between OXTR methylation and social behaviour in women remitted from AN.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
DNA methylation allows for the environmental regulation of gene expression and is believed to link environmental stressors to psychiatric disorder phenotypes, such as anorexia nervosa (AN). The oxytocin receptor (OXTR) gene is epigenetically regulated, and studies have shown associations between OXTR and social behaviours in various samples, including women with AN. The present study examined differential levels of methylation at various CG sites of the OXTR gene in 69 women with active AN (AN-Active), 21 in whom AN was in remission (AN-Rem) and 35 with no eating disorder (NED). Within each group, we explored the correlation between methylation and measures of social behaviour such as insecure attachment and social avoidance. Hypermethylation of a number of CG sites was seen in AN-Active participants as compared with AN-Rem and NED participants. In the AN-Rem sample, methylation at CG27501759 was significantly positively correlated with insecure attachment (r = .614, p = .003, permutation Q = 0.008) and social avoidance (r = .588, p = .005, permutation Q = 0.0184). Our results highlight differential methylation of the OXTR gene among women with AN, those in remission from AN, and those who never had AN and provide some evidence of associations between OXTR methylation and social behaviour in women remitted from AN.
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