@article{pmid40519638,

title = {Peripheral MicroRNA Signatures in Adolescent Depression},

author = {Alice Morgunova and Nicholas O'Toole and Fatme Abboud and Saché Coury and Gary Gang Chen and Maxime Teixeira and Eamon Fitzgerald and Gustavo Turecki and Anthony J Gifuni and Ian H Gotlib and Corina Nagy and Michael J Meaney and Tiffany C Ho and Cecilia Flores},

doi = {10.1016/j.bpsgos.2025.100505},

issn = {2667-1743},

year  = {2025},

date = {2025-07-01},

journal = {Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci},

volume = {5},

number = {4},

pages = {100505},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Adolescent depression is linked to enduring maladaptive outcomes, chronic severity of symptoms, and poor treatment response. Identifying epigenetic signatures of adolescent depression is urgently needed to improve early prevention and intervention strategies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are epigenetic regulators of adolescent neurodevelopmental processes, but their role as markers and mediators of adolescent depression is unknown.nnMETHODS: Here, we examined miRNA profiles from dried blood spot samples of male and female adolescents with clinical depression and psychiatrically healthy male and female adolescents ( = 62). We processed and sequenced these samples using a small RNA protocol tailored for miRNA identification.nnRESULTS: We identified 9 differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs (adjusted  value < .05), all of which were upregulated in adolescents with depression. At future follow-ups post blood collection, expression of miR-3613-5p, mir-30c-2, and miR-942-5p were positively associated with depression severity but not anxiety, suggesting a stronger link to persistent depression symptoms. Expression of miR-32-5p inversely correlated with hippocampal volume, highlighting a potential neurobiological basis. Common predicted gene targets of the DE miRNAs are involved in neurodevelopment, cognitive processing, and depressive disorders.nnCONCLUSIONS: These findings lay the groundwork for identifying adolescent peripheral miRNA markers that reflect neurodevelopmental pathways that shape lifelong psychopathology risk.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38874967,

title = {Threat- and reward-related brain circuitry, perceived stress, and anxiety in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal investigation},

author = {Lauren R Borchers and Anthony J Gifuni and Tiffany C Ho and Jaclyn S Kirshenbaum and Ian H Gotlib},

doi = {10.1093/scan/nsae040},

issn = {1749-5024},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-07-01},

journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci},

volume = {19},

number = {1},

abstract = {The Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic led to heightened anxiety in adolescents. The basolateral amygdala (BLA) and the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) are implicated in response to stress and may contribute to anxiety. The role of threat- and reward-related circuitry in adolescent anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, however, is not clear. Ninety-nine adolescents underwent resting-state fMRI ∼1 year before the pandemic. Following shelter-in-place orders, adolescents reported their perceived stress and, 1 month later, their anxiety. Generalized multivariate analyses identified BLA and NAcc seed-based whole-brain functional connectivity maps with perceived stress. In the resulting significant clusters, we examined the association between seed-based connectivityand subsequent anxiety. Perceived stress was associated with bilateral BLA and NAcc connectivity across distributed clusters that included prefrontal, limbic, temporal, and cerebellar regions. Several NAcc connectivity clusters located in ventromedial prefrontal, parahippocampal, and temporal cortices were positively associated with anxiety; NAcc connectivity with the inferior frontal gyrus was negatively associated. BLA connectivity was not associated with anxiety. These results underscore the integrative role of the NAcc in responding to acute stressors and its relation to anxiety in adolescents. Elucidating the involvement of subcortical-cortical circuitry in adolescents' capacity to respond adaptively to environmental challenges can inform treatment for anxiety-related disorders.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38424142,

title = {Perception of social inclusion/exclusion and response inhibition in adolescents with past suicide attempt: a multidomain task-based fMRI study},

author = {Anthony J Gifuni and Fabricio Pereira and M Mallar Chakravarty and Martin Lepage and Henri W Chase and Marie-Claude Geoffroy and Eric Lacourse and Mary L Phillips and Gustavo Turecki and Johanne Renaud and Fabrice Jollant},

doi = {10.1038/s41380-024-02485-w},

issn = {1476-5578},

year  = {2024},

date = {2024-07-01},

journal = {Mol Psychiatry},

volume = {29},

number = {7},

pages = {2135--2144},

abstract = {The occurrence of suicidal behaviors increases during adolescence. Hypersensitivity to negative social signals and deficits in cognitive control are putative mechanisms of suicidal behaviors, which necessitate confirmation in youths. Multidomain functional neuroimaging could enhance the identification of patients at suicidal risk beyond standard clinical measures. Three groups of adolescents (N = 96; 78% females, age = 11.6-18.1) were included: patients with depressive disorders and previous suicide attempts (SA, n = 29); patient controls with depressive disorders but without any suicide attempt history (PC, n = 35); and healthy controls (HC, n = 32). We scanned participants with 3T-MRI during social inclusion/exclusion (Cyberball Game) and response inhibition (Go-NoGo) tasks. Neural activation was indexed by the blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) of the hemodynamic response during three conditions in the Cyberball Game ("Control condition", "Social Inclusion", and "Social Exclusion"), and two conditions in Go-NoGo task ("Go" and "NoGo" blocks). ANCOVA-style analysis identified group effects across three whole-brain contrasts: 1) NoGo vs. Go, 2) Social inclusion vs. control condition, 3) Social exclusion vs. control condition. We found that SA had lower activation in the left insula during social inclusion vs. control condition compared to PC and HC. Moreover, SA compared to PC had higher activity in the right middle prefrontal gyrus during social exclusion vs. control condition, and in bilateral precentral gyri during NoGo vs. Go conditions. Task-related behavioral and self-report measures (Self-reported emotional reactivity in the Cyberball Game, response times and number of errors in the Go-NoGo Task) did not discriminate groups. In conclusion, adolescent suicidal behaviors are likely associated with neural alterations related to the processing of social perception and response inhibition. Further research, involving prospective designs and diverse cohorts of patients, is necessary to explore the potential of neuroimaging as a tool in understanding the emergence and progression of suicidal behaviors.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37620269,

title = {Psychosocial interventions for the prevention of self-harm repetition: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis},

author = {Massimiliano Orri and Anthony J Gifuni and Dennis Ougrin and Jill Boruff and Andrea Cipriani and Toshiaki A Furukawa and Dalia Schaffer and Cinzia Del Giovane and Ayla Inja and Gustavo Turecki and Marie-Claude Geoffroy and Samuele Cortese},

doi = {10.1136/bmjopen-2023-072289},

issn = {2044-6055},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-08-01},

journal = {BMJ Open},

volume = {13},

number = {8},

pages = {e072289},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Suicide is an important public health problem. Providing evidence-based psychosocial interventions to individuals presenting with self-harm is recognised as an important suicide prevention strategy. Therefore, it is crucial to understand which intervention is most effective in preventing self-harm repetition. We will evaluate the comparative efficacy of psychosocial interventions for the prevention of self-harm in adults.nnMETHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will perform a systematic review and network meta-analysis (NMA) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) testing psychosocial interventions for the prevention of self-harm repetition. We will include RCTs in adults (mean age: 18 years or more) who presented with self-harm in the 6 months preceding enrolment in the trial. Interventions will be categorised according to their similarities and underpinning theoretical approaches (eg, cognitive behavioural therapy, case management). A health sciences librarian will update and adapt the search strategy from the most recent Cochrane pairwise systematic review on this topic. The searches will be performed in MEDLINE (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), PsycInfo (Ovid), CINAHL (EBSCO), Cochrane Central (Wiley), Cochrane Protocols (Wiley), LILACS and PSYNDEX from 1 July 2020 (Cochrane review last search date) to 1 September 2023. The primary efficacy outcome will be self-harm repetition. Secondary outcomes will include suicide mortality, suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms. Retention in treatment (ie, drop-outs rates) will be analysed as the main acceptability outcome. Two reviewers will independently assess the study eligibility and risk of bias (using RoB-2). An NMA will be performed to synthesise all direct and indirect comparisons. Ranked forest plots and Vitruvian plots will be used to represent graphically the results of the NMA. Credibility of network estimates will be evaluated using Confidence in NMA (CINeMA).nnETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: As this is the protocol for an aggregate-data level NMA, ethical approval will not be required. Results will be disseminated at national/international conferences and in peer-review journals.nnTRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42021273057.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid37901452,

title = {Preparation and processing of dried blood spots for microRNA sequencing},

author = {Alice Morgunova and Pascal Ibrahim and Gary Gang Chen and Saché M Coury and Gustavo Turecki and Michael J Meaney and Anthony Gifuni and Ian H Gotlib and Corina Nagy and Tiffany C Ho and Cecilia Flores},

doi = {10.1093/biomethods/bpad020},

issn = {2396-8923},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Biol Methods Protoc},

volume = {8},

number = {1},

pages = {bpad020},

abstract = {Dried blood spots (DBS) are biological samples commonly collected from newborns and in geographic areas distanced from laboratory settings for the purposes of disease testing and identification. MicroRNAs (miRNAs)-small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene activity at the post-transcriptional level-are emerging as critical markers and mediators of disease, including cancer, infectious diseases, and mental disorders. This protocol describes optimized procedural steps for utilizing DBS as a reliable source of biological material for obtaining peripheral miRNA expression profiles. We outline key practices, such as the method of DBS rehydration that maximizes RNA extraction yield, and the use of degenerate oligonucleotide adapters to mitigate ligase-dependent biases that are associated with small RNA sequencing. The standardization of miRNA readout from DBS offers numerous benefits: cost-effectiveness in sample collection and processing, enhanced reliability and consistency of miRNA profiling, and minimal invasiveness that facilitates repeated testing and retention of participants. The use of DBS-based miRNA sequencing is a promising method to investigate disease mechanisms and to advance personalized medicine.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid38146283,

title = {Symptoms characteristics of personality disorders associated with suicidal ideation and behaviors in a clinical sample of adolescents with a depressive disorder},

author = {Anthony Joseph Gifuni and Michel Spodenkiewicz and Geneviève Laurent and Sasha MacNeil and Fabrice Jollant and Johanne Renaud},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1269744},

issn = {1664-0640},

year  = {2023},

date = {2023-01-01},

journal = {Front Psychiatry},

volume = {14},

pages = {1269744},

abstract = {INTRODUCTION: Pathological personality traits have repeatedly been identified as important risk factors for suicidal ideation and behaviors. Moreover, impulsive-aggressive traits, have shown a consistent association with suicidal behaviors across the lifespan. Adolescence represents a critical period for the emergence of different personality traits, mood disorders, and suicidal behaviors, but the relationship between these variables remain poorly understood.nnMETHODS: These variables were examined in a cross-sectional case-control design involving three groups: 30 adolescents with a depressive disorder and past suicide attempt (Mean Age = 16.2, Females = 26), 38 adolescents with a depressive disorder but without past suicide attempt (Mean age = 16.0, Females = 29), and 34 healthy adolescent controls (Mean age = 15.2, Females = 22). Suicidal ideations were indexed using Suicidal Behavior Questionnaire (SBQ-R), psychiatric disorder assessed using a semi-structured questionnaire (K-SADS-PL), depressive symptoms with the Beck Depressive Inventory (BDI), symptoms characteristics of personality disorders with the Scheduled Clinical Interview for the DSM-IV (SCID-II) screening questionnaire, and impulsivity with the Barratt Impulsivesness Scale (BIS).nnRESULTS: Findings showed that impulsivity ( = 11.0,  < 0.0001) and antisocial symptoms characteristics of personality disorders ( < 0.001, d = 0.70) displayed the most robust association with adolescent suicide attempts. Borderline symptoms characteristics of personality disorders did not discriminate attempters from non-attempters but presented high correlations with suicidal ideation and depression severity. In an item-wise analysis, suicide attempt status was uniquely correlated with symptoms characteristics of an antisocial personality disorder. Suicide attempt status also correlated with non-suicidal self-injury and a chronic feeling of emptiness.nnDISCUSSION: The caveats of this cross-sectional study include the stability of symptoms characteristics of personality disorders in adolescence and the limited sample size. In sum, suicidal behaviors were characteristically correlated with increased impulsivity and antisocial symptoms characteristics of personality disorders, but other symptoms characteristics of personality disorders were relevant to adolescent depression and suicidal ideation. Understanding the emergence of symptoms characteristics of personality disorders and suicidal behaviors in a developmental context can ultimately inform not only the neurobiological origin of suicidal behaviors, but also provide new avenues for early detection and intervention.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34448494,

title = {Correlates and predictors of the severity of suicidal ideation in adolescence: an examination of brain connectomics and psychosocial characteristics},

author = {Jaclyn S Kirshenbaum and Rajpreet Chahal and Tiffany C Ho and Lucy S King and Anthony J Gifuni and Dana Mastrovito and Saché M Coury and Rachel L Weisenburger and Ian H Gotlib},

doi = {10.1111/jcpp.13512},

issn = {1469-7610},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-06-01},

journal = {J Child Psychol Psychiatry},

volume = {63},

number = {6},

pages = {701--714},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Suicidal ideation (SI) typically emerges during adolescence but is challenging to predict. Given the potentially lethal consequences of SI, it is important to identify neurobiological and psychosocial variables explaining the severity of SI in adolescents.nnMETHODS: In 106 participants (59 female) recruited from the community, we assessed psychosocial characteristics and obtained resting-state fMRI data in early adolescence (baseline: aged 9-13 years). Across 250 brain regions, we assessed local graph theory-based properties of interconnectedness: local efficiency, eigenvector centrality, nodal degree, within-module z-score, and participation coefficient. Four years later (follow-up: ages 13-19 years), participants self-reported their SI severity. We used least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regressions to identify a linear combination of psychosocial and brain-based variables that best explain the severity of SI symptoms at follow-up. Nested-cross-validation yielded model performance statistics for all LASSO models.nnRESULTS: A combination of psychosocial and brain-based variables explained subsequent severity of SI (R = .55); the strongest was internalizing and externalizing symptom severity at follow-up. Follow-up LASSO regressions of psychosocial-only and brain-based-only variables indicated that psychosocial-only variables explained 55% of the variance in SI severity; in contrast, brain-based-only variables performed worse than the null model.nnCONCLUSIONS: A linear combination of baseline and follow-up psychosocial variables best explained the severity of SI. Follow-up analyses indicated that graph theory resting-state metrics did not increase the prediction of the severity of SI in adolescents. Attending to internalizing and externalizing symptoms is important in early adolescence; resting-state connectivity properties other than local graph theory metrics might yield a stronger prediction of the severity of SI.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid34117365,

title = {Psychobiological risk factors for suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescence: a consideration of the role of puberty},

author = {Tiffany C Ho and Anthony J Gifuni and Ian H Gotlib},

doi = {10.1038/s41380-021-01171-5},

issn = {1476-5578},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-01-01},

journal = {Mol Psychiatry},

volume = {27},

number = {1},

pages = {606--623},

abstract = {Suicide is the second leading cause of death among adolescents. While clinicians and researchers have begun to recognize the importance of considering multidimensional factors in understanding risk for suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) during this developmental period, the role of puberty has been largely ignored. In this review, we contend that the hormonal events that occur during puberty have significant effects on the organization and development of brain systems implicated in the regulation of social stressors, including amygdala, hippocampus, striatum, medial prefrontal cortex, orbitofrontal cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. Guided by previous experimental work in adults, we also propose that the influence of pubertal hormones and social stressors on neural systems related to risk for STBs is especially critical to consider in adolescents with a neurobiological sensitivity to hormonal changes. Furthermore, facets of the pubertal transition, such as pubertal timing, warrant deeper investigation and may help us gain a more comprehensive understanding of sex differences in the neurobiological and psychosocial mechanisms underlying adolescent STBs. Ultimately, advancing our understanding of the pubertal processes that contribute to suicide risk will improve early detection and facilitate the development of more effective, sex-specific, psychiatric interventions for adolescents.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid36325504,

title = {Testing a Developmental Model of Positive Parenting, Amygdala-Subgenual Anterior Cingulate Cortex Connectivity, and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic},

author = {Jonas G Miller and Tiffany C Ho and Jaclyn S Kirshenbaum and Rajpreet Chahal and Anthony J Gifuni and Ian H Gotlib},

doi = {10.1016/j.bpsgos.2021.07.005},

issn = {2667-1743},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

journal = {Biol Psychiatry Glob Open Sci},

volume = {1},

number = {4},

pages = {291--299},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Neurobiological measures may inform our understanding of individual differences in adolescents' general risk for and resilience to depressive symptoms, including during the COVID-19 pandemic. We tested a developmental model linking variation in amygdala-subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (sgACC) resting-state connectivity to perceived parenting experiences earlier in adolescence, to concurrent depressive symptoms before the pandemic, and to subsequent depressive symptoms during the pandemic.nnMETHODS: We used data from a longitudinal study that included three waves ( = 214 adolescents; ages 9-15 years at time 1 [T1], 11-17 years at T2, and 12-19 years during the pandemic at T3). We assessed positive parenting (warm and supportive) (T1), depressive symptoms (T1 to T3), and functional connectivity between the sgACC and basolateral (BLA) and centromedial amygdala (T1 and T2). We modeled associations among earlier positive parenting, amygdala-sgACC connectivity, and depressive symptoms before and during the pandemic.nnRESULTS: Less positive parenting at T1 was associated prospectively with stronger BLA-sgACC connectivity at T2 (β = -0.22) over and above the effect of BLA-sgACC connectivity at T1. Stronger BLA-sgACC connectivity, in turn, was associated with heightened depressive symptoms, both before the pandemic ( = 0.21) and during the pandemic (β = 0.19; independent of the effect of pre-pandemic symptoms).nnCONCLUSIONS: Adolescents who experience less positive parenting may develop a pattern of BLA-sgACC connectivity that increases their risk for mental health problems. BLA-sgACC connectivity may be associated with depressive symptoms in general, including during periods of heightened risk for adolescents, such as the pandemic.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid32388626,

title = {Decision-making and cognitive control in adolescent suicidal behaviors: a qualitative systematic review of the literature},

author = {Anthony J Gifuni and Lea C Perret and Eric Lacourse and Marie-Claude Geoffroy and Valentin Mbekou and Fabrice Jollant and Johanne Renaud},

doi = {10.1007/s00787-020-01550-3},

issn = {1435-165X},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-12-01},

journal = {Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry},

volume = {30},

number = {12},

pages = {1839--1855},

abstract = {Suicide and suicidal behaviors represent a leading cause of morbidity and mortality during adolescence. While several lines of evidence suggest that suicidal behaviors are associated with risky decisions and deficient cognitive control in laboratory tasks in adults, comparatively less is known about adolescents. Here, we systematically reviewed the literature on the association between these neurocognitive variables and adolescent suicidal behaviors. The online search strategy identified 17 neurocognitive studies examining either cognitive control or decision-making processes in adolescents with past suicidal behaviors. Several studies have reported that adolescents with a history of suicidal behaviors present neuropsychological differences in the cognitive control (using Go/NoGo, suicide Stroop Test, continuous performance test, suicide/death Implicit Association Test), and decision-making (Iowa Gambling Task, Cambridge Gambling Task, cost computation, delay discounting, loss aversion tasks) domains. Due to a lack of replication or conflicting findings, our systematic review suggests that no firm conclusion can be drawn as to whether altered decision-making or poor cognitive control contribute to adolescent suicidal behaviors. However, these results collectively suggest that further research is warranted. Limitations included scarcity of longitudinal studies and a lack of homogeneity in study designs, which precluded quantitative analysis. We propose remediating ways to continue neuropsychological investigations of suicide risk in adolescence, which could lead to the identification of novel therapeutic targets and predictive markers, enabling early intervention in suicidal youth.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33961355,

title = {Brain cortical and subcortical morphology in adolescents with depression and a history of suicide attempt},

author = {Anthony J Gifuni and M Mallar Chakravarty and Martin Lepage and Tiffany C Ho and Marie-Claude Geoffroy and Eric Lacourse and Ian H Gotlib and Gustavo Turecki and Johanne Renaud and Fabrice Jollant},

doi = {10.1503/jpn.200198},

issn = {1488-2434},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-05-01},

journal = {J Psychiatry Neurosci},

volume = {46},

number = {3},

pages = {E347--E357},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Suicidal behaviours are a major source of mortality and morbidity among adolescents. Given the maturational changes that occur in cortical and subcortical structures during adolescence, we tested whether atypical brain structural measurements were associated with a history of suicide attempt.nnMETHODS: We assessed 3 groups of adolescents (n = 92; 79% female, mean age 15.9 years, range 11.6-18.1 years): patients with a depressive disorder and a history of suicide attempt (n = 28); patient controls, who had a depressive disorder but no history of suicide attempt (n = 34); and healthy controls (n = 30). We derived regional cortical thickness and surface area, and subcortical volumes, from T1-weighted anatomic MRI scans acquired at 3 T.nnRESULTS: We found significant group differences in surface area in the prefrontal, temporal and parietal regions, as well as in the volume of several subcortical nuclei (pFDR ≤ 0.05), but not in cortical thickness. Post hoc analyses indicated that morphological alterations primarily differentiated patients with a history of suicide attempt from healthy controls, but not from patient controls. However, patients with a history of suicide attempt exhibited positive correlations between age and cortical thickness in the temporal cortices and right insula, and between age and right putamen volume (i.e., thicker regional cortex and larger subcortical volumes with age). These correlations were negative in both patient controls and healthy controls (i.e., thinner regional cortex and smaller subcortical volumes).nnLIMITATIONS: Sample sizes, cross-sectional findings and psychiatric heterogeneity were limitations of this study.nnCONCLUSION: Macroscopic structural differences in several brain regions differentiated adolescents with a history of suicide attempt from healthy controls, but not from patient controls. However, adolescents with a history of suicide attempt may present with atypical maturation of specific cortical and subcortical regions that might contribute to the risk of suicidal behaviour.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33436537,

title = {Default mode and salience network alterations in suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in adolescents with depression},

author = {Tiffany C Ho and Johanna C Walker and Giana I Teresi and Artenisa Kulla and Jaclyn S Kirshenbaum and Anthony J Gifuni and Manpreet K Singh and Ian H Gotlib},

doi = {10.1038/s41398-020-01103-x},

issn = {2158-3188},

year  = {2021},

date = {2021-01-01},

journal = {Transl Psychiatry},

volume = {11},

number = {1},

pages = {38},

abstract = {Suicidal ideation (SI) and non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) are two distinct yet often co-occurring risk factors for suicide deaths in adolescents. Elucidating the neurobiological patterns that specifically characterize SI and NSSI in adolescents is needed to inform the use of these markers in intervention studies and to develop brain-based treatment targets. Here, we clinically assessed 70 adolescents-49 adolescents with depression and 21 healthy controls-to determine SI and NSSI history. Twenty-eight of the depressed adolescents had a history of SI and 29 had a history of NSSI (20 overlapping). All participants underwent a resting-state fMRI scan. We compared groups in network coherence of subdivisions of the central executive network (CEN), default mode network (DMN), and salience network (SN). We also examined group differences in between-network connectivity and explored brain-behavior correlations. Depressed adolescents with SI and with NSSI had lower coherence in the ventral DMN compared to those without SI or NSSI, respectively, and healthy controls (all ps < 0.043, uncorrected). Depressed adolescents with NSSI had lower coherence in the anterior DMN and in insula-SN (all ps < 0.030, uncorrected), and higher CEN-DMN connectivity compared to those without NSSI and healthy controls (all ps < 0.030, uncorrected). Lower network coherence in all DMN subnetworks and insula-SN were associated with higher past-month SI and NSSI (all ps < 0.001, uncorrected). Thus, in our sample, both SI and NSSI are related to brain networks associated with difficulties in self-referential processing and future planning, while NSSI specifically is related to brain networks associated with disruptions in interoceptive awareness.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid33510680,

title = {Early Life Stress Predicts Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress},

author = {Ian H Gotlib and Lauren R Borchers and Rajpreet Chahal and Anthony J Gifuni and Giana I Teresi and Tiffany C Ho},

doi = {10.3389/fpsyg.2020.603748},

issn = {1664-1078},

year  = {2020},

date = {2020-01-01},

journal = {Front Psychol},

volume = {11},

pages = {603748},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is alarmingly prevalent and has been linked to the high rates of depression documented in adolescence. Researchers have theorized that ELS may increase adolescents' vulnerability or reactivity to the effects of subsequent stressors, placing them at higher risk for developing symptoms of depression.nnMETHODS: We tested this formulation in a longitudinal study by assessing levels of stress and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic in a sample of adolescents from the San Francisco Bay Area ( = 109; 43 male; ages 13-20 years) who had been characterized 3-7 years earlier ( = 5.06,  = 0.86 years) with respect to exposure to ELS and symptoms of depression.nnRESULTS: As expected, severity of ELS predicted levels of depressive symptoms during the pandemic [(107) = 0.26,  = 0.006], which were higher in females than in males [(107) = -3.56,  < 0.001]. Importantly, the association between ELS and depression was mediated by adolescents' reported levels of stress, even after controlling for demographic variables.nnCONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the importance of monitoring the mental health of vulnerable children and adolescents during this pandemic and targeting perceived stress in high-risk youth.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid30527963,

title = {Mind-Body Interventions in Late-Life Mental Illnesses and Cognitive Disorders: A Narrative Review},

author = {Akshya Vasudev and Susana G Torres-Platas and Karin Kerfoot and Angela Potes and Joseph Therriault and Anthony Gifuni and Marilyn Segal and Karl J Looper and Vasavan Nair and Helen Lavretsky and Soham Rej},

doi = {10.1016/j.jagp.2018.10.020},

issn = {1545-7214},

year  = {2019},

date = {2019-05-01},

journal = {Am J Geriatr Psychiatry},

volume = {27},

number = {5},

pages = {536--547},

abstract = {BACKGROUND: Current pharmacological treatments and psychotherapeutic approaches often have adverse effects or are ineffective in late-life cognitive and mental illnesses. Mind-body interventions offer a holistic approach and are of interest because of potential patient acceptability and scalability.nnOBJECTIVE: To synthesize current evidence on mind-body interventions in treating or preventing mental illnesses and cognitive disorders in older adults.nnSEARCH STRATEGY: A search was conducted using Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycINFO articles published from 1993 to 2017.nnSELECTION CRITERIA: 1) Randomized controlled trials, 2) involving older adults (>60 years old), 3) suffering from mental illness or cognitive decline, 4) comparing mind-body interventions with a control group. Mind-body interventions included: imagery, meditation, prayer, autogenic training, tai chi & variants, and yoga. Control group included: health education, other non-pharmacological interventions, treatment as usual, or no treatment at all.nnDATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data included number of patients, age, psychiatric diagnoses, type of intervention, frequency andduration, control conditions, outcomes measures and treatment results.nnRESULTS: 3916 articles were reviewed and ten met inclusion criteria. Six were on Tai Chi and four assessed meditation-based therapies. Clinically significant improvement in depressive and anxiety symptoms were reported, as well as improvement insomedomains of cognition and reduced risk of cognitive deterioration.nnCONCLUSION: There is increasing evidence that mind-body interventions may potentially be useful in the treatment or prevention of geriatric mental illnesses and cognitive disorders. There are important methodological limitations of the current literature such as small sample sizes, heterogeneous study populations, and varying clinical outcomes.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{pmid30256980,

title = {Reduced dorsal striatal gray matter volume predicts implicit suicidal ideation in adolescents},

author = {Tiffany C Ho and Anna C Cichocki and Anthony J Gifuni and M Catalina Camacho and Sarah J Ordaz and Manpreet K Singh and Ian H Gotlib},

doi = {10.1093/scan/nsy089},

issn = {1749-5024},

year  = {2018},

date = {2018-11-01},

journal = {Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci},

volume = {13},

number = {11},

pages = {1215--1224},

abstract = {Suicidal ideation (SI), a potent risk factor for suicide attempts, increases in adolescence. While alterations in dopaminergic functioning have been implicated in suicidal acts-particularly in adults-we do not know whether morphological alterations in dopamine-rich regions of the brain, such as the striatum, are vulnerability factors for the emergence of SI in adolescents. At baseline, a community sample of 152 adolescents (89 female; mean age: 11.41 ± 1.01 years) completed a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan that was used to estimate gray matter volumes (GMVs) of three striatal structures: caudate, nucleus accumbens and putamen. At a 24 month follow-up session, participants completed a self-report measure of SI frequency [Suicidal Ideation Questionnaire (SIQ)] and the death version of the Implicit Association Test (IAT). Robust linear regression models were conducted to predict SIQ and IAT scores from striatal GMV. Bilateral putamen and left caudate GMV significantly predicted IAT scores (all Ps < 0.03). No other associations were significant (all Ps > 0.05). Our finding of reduced dorsal striatal GMV predicting implicit SI may indicate that downstream dopaminergic dysfunction is implicated in the development of overt suicidal behaviors. Self-reported SI was not associated with striatal GMV, suggesting that biological correlates of suicide risk may correlate specifically with objective measurements of SI in adolescents.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}